{"id":27135,"date":"2017-01-09T13:45:38","date_gmt":"2017-01-09T13:45:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-legal\/lawandeconomics\/bibliographies\/9500-spontaneous-emergence-of-law-costumary-law.html"},"modified":"2017-01-09T13:45:38","modified_gmt":"2017-01-09T13:45:38","slug":"9500-spontaneous-emergence-of-law-costumary-law","status":"publish","type":"law_economics","link":"https:\/\/reference.findlaw.com\/lawandeconomics\/bibliographies\/9500-spontaneous-emergence-of-law-costumary-law.html","title":{"rendered":"Encyclopedia of Law &#038; Economics \u2013 9500 Spontaneous Emergence of Law. Costumary Law"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<ul class=\"links\">\n<li>Ackerman, Bruce A. (1986), &#8216;Law, Economics and the Problem of Legal Culture&#8217;, <em>Duke Law Journal <\/em>, 929-947. <\/li>\n<li>Adelstein, Richard P. (1979), &#8216;The Moral Costs of Crime: Prices, Information and Organization&#8217;, in Gray, Charles M. (ed.), <em>The Costs of Crime <\/em>, Beverly Hills (CA), Sage Publications, 233-252. <\/li>\n<li>Adelstein, Richard P. (1981), &#8216;Institutional Function and Evolution in the Criminal Process&#8217;, <b>76 <\/b> <em>Northwestern University Law Review <\/em>, 1-99. <\/li>\n<li>Adelstein, Richard P. and Peretz, Steven I. (1985), &#8216;The Competition of Technologies in Markets for Ideas: Copyright and Fair Use in Evolutionary Perspective&#8217;, <b>5 <\/b> <em>International Review of Law and Economics <\/em>, 209-238. <\/li>\n<li>Bailey, Martin J. and Rubin, Paul H. (1994), &#8216;A Positive Theory of Legal Change&#8217;, <b>14 <\/b> <em>International Review of Law and Economics <\/em>, 467-477. <\/li>\n<li>Barnes, David W. and Stout, Lynn A. (1992), <em>Economics of Constitutional Law and Public Choice <\/em>, West Publishing. <\/li>\n<li>Bell, John W. (1977), &#8216;Averting a Crisis in Product Liability : An Evolutionary Process of Socioeconomic Justice&#8217;, <b>65 <\/b> <em>Illinois Bar Journal <\/em>, 640-648. <\/li>\n<li>Benson, Bruce L (1990), <em>The Enterprise of Law: Justice Without the State <\/em>, San Francisco, Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy. <\/li>\n<li>Benson, Bruce L. (1988), &#8216;Legal Evolution in Primitive Societies&#8217;, <b>144 <\/b> <em>Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics <\/em>, 772-788. <\/li>\n<li>Benson, Bruce L. (1989), &#8216;Enforcement of Private Property Rights in Primitive Societies: Law Without Government&#8217;, <b>9 <\/b> <em>Journal of Libertarian Studies <\/em>, 1-26. <\/li>\n<li>Benson, Bruce L. (1989), &#8216;The Spontaneous Evolution of Commercial Law&#8217;, <b>55 <\/b> <em>Southern Economic Journal <\/em>, 644-661. <\/li>\n<li>Benson, Bruce L. (1990), &#8216;Customary Law With Private Means of Resolving Disputes and Dispensing Justice: A Description of a Modern System of Law and Order Without State Coercion&#8217;, <b>9 <\/b> <em>Journal of Libertarian Studies <\/em>, 25-42. Reprinted in as &#8220;Law and Order Without State Coercion&#8221;, in Veljanovski, Cento (ed.), Regulation, Regulators and the Market, 1991, London, Institute of Economic Affairs, 159-179. <\/li>\n<li>Benson, Bruce L. (1991), &#8216;Reciprocal Exchange as the Basis for Recognition of Law: Examples from American History&#8217;, <b>10 <\/b> <em>Journal of Libertarian Studies <\/em>, 53-82. <\/li>\n<li>Benson, Bruce L. (1991), &#8216;An Evolutionary Contractarian View of Primitive Law: The Institutions and Incentives Arising Under Customary American Indian Law&#8217;, <b>5 <\/b> <em>Review of Austrian Economics <\/em>, 65-89. <\/li>\n<li>Benson, Bruce L. (1992), &#8216;Customary Law as a Social Contract: International Commercial Law&#8217;, <b>2 <\/b> <em>Constitutional Political Economy <\/em>, 1-27. <\/li>\n<li>Benson, Bruce L. (1992), &#8216;The Development of Criminal Law and Its Enforcement: Public Interest or Political Transfers&#8217;, <b>3 <\/b> <em>Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines <\/em>, 79-108. <\/li>\n<li>Benson, Bruce L. (1992), &#8216;Market Failure Versus Government Failure in the Production of Adjudication&#8217;, in Bowman, Gary W., Hakim, Simon. and Seidenstat, Paul (eds.), <em>Privatizing the United States Justice System: Police, Adjudication, and Corrections Services from the Private Sector <\/em>, Jefferson (NC), McFarland &amp; Co., 203-225. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div data-readmore=\"true\">\n<ul class=\"links\">\n<li>Benson, Bruce L. (1992), &#8216;The Evolution of Values and Institutions in a Free Society: The Under-Pinnings of a Market Economy&#8217;, <b>5 <\/b> <em>International Journal on the Unity of Sciences <\/em>, 411-442. Reprinted in Radnitzky, Gerard and Bouillon, Hardy (eds.), Values and the Social Order Vol.I, 1995, Aldershot, Avebury, 87-125. <\/li>\n<li>Benson, Bruce L. (1992), &#8216;Customary Indian Law: Two Case Studies&#8217;, in Anderson, Terry L. (ed.), <em>Property Rights and Indian Economics <\/em>, Rowman and Littlefield Press. <\/li>\n<li>Benson, Bruce L. (1993), &#8216;The Impetus for Recognizing Private Property and Adopting Ethical Behavior in a Market Economy: Natural Law, Government Law, or Evolving Self-Interest&#8217;, <b>6 <\/b> <em>Review of Austrian Economics <\/em>, 43-80. <\/li>\n<li>Benson, Bruce L. (1994), &#8216;Emerging From the Hobbesian Jungle: Might Takes and Makes Rights&#8217;, <b>5 <\/b> <em>Constitutional Political Economy <\/em>, 129-158. Reprinted inTranslated into Spanish and republished (1995) Las Instituciones y Los Derechos de Propiedad al Emerger de la Jungla Hobbesiana: La Fuerza Quita los Reprinted Derechos y los Crea Libertas, 12, 35-75. <\/li>\n<li>Benson, Bruce L. (1994), &#8216;Legal Philosophy&#8217;, in Boettke, Peter J. (ed.), <em>The Elgar Companion to Austrian Economics <\/em>, London, Edward Elgar, 270-275. <\/li>\n<li>Benson, Bruce L. (1995), &#8216;Competition Among Legal Institutions: Implications for the Evolution of Law&#8217;, in Gerken, Luden (ed.), <em>Competition Among Institutions <\/em>, London, MacMillan, 153-175. <\/li>\n<li>Benson, Bruce L. (1995), &#8216;An Exploration of the Impact of Modern Arbitration Statutes on the Development of Arbitration in the United States&#8217;, <b>11 <\/b> <em>Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization <\/em>, 479-501. <\/li>\n<li>Bromley, Daniel W. (1989), &#8216;Institutional Change and Economic Efficiency&#8217;, <b>23 <\/b> <em>Journal of Economic Issues <\/em>, 735-759. <\/li>\n<li>Buxbaum, Hertig and Hirsch, Hopt (eds.), <em>European Economic and Business Law, Legal and Economic Analyses on Integration and Harmonization <\/em>, Berlin, 401 p. <\/li>\n<li>Cassone, Alberto and Marchese, Carla (1994), &#8216;Indulgenze religiose: un&#8217;analisi economica&#8217;, <b>2-3 <\/b> <em>Economia delle scelte pubbliche <\/em>, 191-209. <\/li>\n<li>Christainsen, Gregory B. (1990), &#8216;Law as a Discovery Procedure&#8217;, <b>9 <\/b> <em>Cato Journal <\/em>, 497-530. <\/li>\n<li>Clark, Robert C. (1981), &#8216;The Interdisciplinary Study of &#8220;Legal Evolution&#8221;&#8216;, <b>90 <\/b> <em>Yale Law Journal <\/em>, 1238-1274. <\/li>\n<li>Clay, Karen (1997), &#8216;Trade Without Law: Private-Order Institutions in Mexican California&#8217;, <b>13 <\/b> <em>Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization <\/em>, 202-231. <\/li>\n<li>Cooter, Robert D. (1989), &#8216;Kin Groups and the Common Law Process&#8217;, in Larmour, Peter (ed.), <em>Customary Land Tenure: Registration and Decentralisation in Papua New Guinea <\/em>, Monograph XXIX, Papua New Guinea Institute of Applied Social and Economic Research. <\/li>\n<li>Cooter, Robert D. (1991), &#8216;Inventing Market Property: The Land Courts of Papua New Guinea&#8217;, <b>25 <\/b> <em>Law and Society Review <\/em>, 759-801. <\/li>\n<li>Cooter, Robert D. (1993), &#8216;Against Legal Centrism: Review of Robert C. Ellickson&#8217;s Order Without Law&#8217;, <em>California Law Review <\/em>, 417 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Cooter, Robert D. (1994), &#8216;Structural Adjudication and the New Law Merchant: A Model of Decentralized Law&#8217;, <b>14 <\/b> <em>International Review of Law and Economics <\/em>, 215-231. Reprinted under the title, &#8220;The Structural Approach to Decentralizing Law: A Theory of Games and Norms,&#8221; in a book edited by Gerard Hertig. <\/li>\n<li>Cooter, Robert D. (1994), &#8216;Decentralized Law for A Complex Economy&#8217;, <b>23 <\/b> <em>Southwestern Law Review, Hayek Symposium <\/em>, 443-451. <\/li>\n<li>Cooter, Robert D. (1996), &#8216;Decentralized Law for a Complex Economy: The Structural Approach to Adjudicating the New Law Merchant&#8217;, <em>University of Pennsylvania Law Review <\/em>. <\/li>\n<li>Dowd, Kevin (1997), &#8216;Anarchy, Warfare and Social Order: Comment on Hirshleifer&#8217;, <b>June <\/b> <em>Journal of Political Economy <\/em>. <\/li>\n<li>Elliott, E. Donald (1984), &#8216;Holmes and Evolution: Legal Process as Artificial Intelligence&#8217;, <b>13 <\/b> <em>Journal of Legal Studies <\/em>, 113-146. <\/li>\n<li>Elliott, E. Donald, Ackerman, Bruce A. and Millian, John C. (1985), &#8216;Toward a Theory of Statutory Evolution: The Federaliza tion of Environmental Law&#8217;, <b>1 <\/b> <em>Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization <\/em>, 313-340. <\/li>\n<li>Epstein, Richard A. (1980), &#8216;The Static Conception of the Common Law&#8217;, <b>9 <\/b> <em>Journal of Legal Studies <\/em>, 253-275. <\/li>\n<li>Epstein, Richard A. (1992), &#8216;The Path to the T. J. Hooper: The Theory and History of Custom in the Law of Tort&#8217;, <b>21 <\/b> <em>Journal of Legal Studies <\/em>, 1-38. <\/li>\n<li>Frech, H. Edward III (1972), &#8216;The Public Choice Theory of Murray N. Rothbard: A Modern Anarchist&#8217;, <b>14 <\/b> <em>Public Choice <\/em>, 143-154. <\/li>\n<li>Fried, Charles, Summers, Robert S., Tullock, Gordon and Arrow, Kenneth J. (1982), &#8216;Commentary on Hirschleifer Paper&#8217;, <b>4 <\/b> <em>Research in Law and Economics <\/em>, 61-208. <\/li>\n<li>Friedman, David D. (1979), &#8216;Private Creation and Enforcement of Law: A Historical Case&#8217;, <b>8 <\/b> <em>Journal of Legal Studies <\/em>, 399-415. <\/li>\n<li>Galanter, Marc (1987), &#8216;Conceptualizing Legal Change and Its Effect: A Comment on George Priest&#8217;s &#8220;Measuring Legal Change&#8221;&#8216;, <b>3 <\/b> <em>Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization <\/em>, 235-241. <\/li>\n<li>Goldberg, Victor P. (1974), &#8216;Institutional Change and the Quasi-Invisible Hand&#8217;, <b>17 <\/b> <em>Journal of Law and Economics <\/em>, 461-492. Reprinted in Goldberg, Victor P. (ed.), Readings in the Economics of Contract Law, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press,1989, 169-173. <\/li>\n<li>Goodman, John C. (1978), &#8216;An Economic Theory of the Evolution of the Common Law&#8217;, <b>7 <\/b> <em>Journal of Legal Studies <\/em>, 393-406. <\/li>\n<li>Gordon, Wendy J. (1992), &#8216;Of Harms and Benefits: Torts, Restitution, and Intellectual Property&#8217;, <b>21 <\/b> <em>Journal of Legal Studies <\/em>, 449-482. <\/li>\n<li>Grady, Mark F. (1992), &#8216;Toward a Positive Economic Theory of Antitrust&#8217;, <b>30 <\/b> <em>Economic Inquiry <\/em>, 225 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Grady, Mark F. (1995), &#8216;Legal Evolution and Precedent&#8217;, <b>3 <\/b> <em>Annual Review of Law &amp; Ethics <\/em>, 147 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Hesse, G\u009fnter (1980), &#8216;Der Property-Rights-Ansatz. Eine \u009akonomische Theorie der Ver\u008anderung des Rechts? (The Property Rights Approach. An Economic Theory of Legal Change?)&#8217;, <b>195 <\/b> <em>Jahrbuch f\u009fr National\u009akonomie und Statistik <\/em>, 481 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Hesse, G\u009fnter (1983), &#8216;Zur Erkl\u008arung der \u0080nderung von Handlungsrechten mit Hilfe der \u009akonomischen Theorie (The Explanation of the Change of Property Rights w)&#8217;, in Sch\u009fller, Alfred (ed.), <em>Property Rights und \u009akonomische Theorie <\/em>, M\u009fnchen, Vahlen, 79-109. <\/li>\n<li>Hirshleifer, Jack (1982), &#8216;Evolutionary Models in Economics and Law: Cooperation versus Conflict Strategies&#8217;, <b>4 <\/b> <em>Research in Law and Economics <\/em>, 1-60. <\/li>\n<li>Hirshleifer, Jack and Coll Martinez, Juan Carlos (1988), &#8216;What Strategies can Support the Evolutionary Emergence of Cooperation?&#8217;, <b>32 <\/b> <em>Journal of Conflict Resolution <\/em>, 367-398. <\/li>\n<li>Holmes, Oliver Wendell (1980), <em>The Common Law <\/em>, Boston, Little Brown. <\/li>\n<li>Hovenkamp, Herbert J. (1983), &#8216;The Economics of Legal History&#8217;, <b>67 <\/b> <em>Minnesota Law Review <\/em>, 645-697. <\/li>\n<li>Huang, Peter H. and Wu, Ho-Mou (1994), &#8216;More Order without More Law: A Theory of Social Norms and Organizational Cultures&#8217;, <b>10 <\/b> <em>Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization <\/em>, 390-406. <\/li>\n<li>Jaffe, Austin J. (1988), &#8216;Toward an Evolutionary Theory of Trade Associations: The Case of Real Estate Appraisers&#8217;, <b>16 <\/b> <em>American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association Journal <\/em>, 230-256. <\/li>\n<li>Kennedy, Duncan (1981), &#8216;Cost-Reduction Theory as Legitimation&#8217;, <b>90 <\/b> <em>Yale Law Journal <\/em>, 1275-1283. <\/li>\n<li>Kitch, Edmund W. (1987), &#8216;Law and the Economic Order&#8217;, in Lipson, Leon and Wheeler, Stanton (eds.), <em>Law and the Social Sciences <\/em>, New York, Russel Sage Foundation, 109-149. <\/li>\n<li>Kitch, Edmund W. (1991), &#8216;Business Organization Law: State or Federal?&#8217;, in Buxbaum, Richard M., Hertig, Gerard, Hirsch, Alain and Hopt, Klaus J. (eds.), <em>European Business Law <\/em>, Berlin, Waller de Gruyter, 35 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Kitch, Edmund W. (1996), &#8216;Competition Between Securities Markets: Good or Bad?&#8217;, in X (ed.), <em>The Future for the Securities Market: Legal and Regulatory Aspects <\/em>, Oxford, Clarendon, 233 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Kobayashi, Bruce H. and Ribstein, Larry E. (1996), &#8216;Evolution and Spontaneous Uniformity: Evidence from the Evolution of the Limited Liability Company&#8217;, <b>34 <\/b> <em>Economic Inquiry <\/em>. <\/li>\n<li>Kornhauser, Lewis A. (1992), &#8216;Are There Cracks in the Foundations of Spontaneous Order? Book Review of Ellickson, Order without Law&#8217;, <b>67 <\/b> <em>New York University Law Review <\/em>, 647 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Kraus, Jody S. (1997), &#8216;Segal Design and the Evolution of Commercial Norms&#8217;, <b>16 <\/b> <em>Journal of Legal Studies <\/em>, 377-411. <\/li>\n<li>Krauss, Michael I. (1994), &#8216;La r\u008eglementation contre le march\u008e dans le d\u008eveloppement de normes (Regulation against the Market in Norms Formation)&#8217;, <b>5 <\/b> <em>Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines <\/em>, 573-599. <\/li>\n<li>Kubasek, N. (1985), &#8216;The Artificiality of Economic Models as a Guide for Legal Evolution&#8217;, <b>33 <\/b> <em>Cleveland State Law Review <\/em>, 505-512. <\/li>\n<li>Lehmann, Michael (1982), &#8216;\u0085konomie, Sozialbiologie &#8211; Humanwissenschaften. \u0086ber die Notwendigkeit und M\u009aglichkeit einer interdisziplin\u008aren Grundlagenforschung (Economics, Social Biology &#8211; Human Sciences. 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Russell (1989), &#8216;Law and the Security of Homeric Society (A Response to Richard A. Posner)&#8217;, <b>10 <\/b> <em>Journal of Legal History <\/em>, 265-284. <\/li>\n<li>Voigt, Stefan (1993), &#8216;On the Internal Consistency of Hayek&#8217;s Evolutionary oriented Constitutional Economics &#8211; Some General Remarks&#8217;, <b>3 <\/b> <em>Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines <\/em>, 461-476. <\/li>\n<li>Warren, Elizabeth (1981), &#8216;Trade Usage and Parties in the Trade: An Economic Rationale for an Inflexible Rule&#8217;, <b>42 <\/b> <em>University of Pittsburgh Law Review <\/em>, 515 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Williams, Stephen F. (1980), &#8216;The Static Conception of the Common Law: A Comment&#8217;, <b>9 <\/b> <em>Journal of Legal Studies <\/em>, 277-289. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"parent":26944,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":false,"_modified_date":"","_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false},"class_list":["post-27135","law_economics","type-law_economics","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/reference.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/law_economics\/27135","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/reference.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/law_economics"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/reference.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/law_economics"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reference.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/law_economics\/26944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/reference.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}