{"id":26998,"date":"2017-01-09T13:45:23","date_gmt":"2017-01-09T13:45:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-legal\/lawandeconomics\/bibliographies\/0760-network-externalities.html"},"modified":"2017-01-09T13:45:23","modified_gmt":"2017-01-09T13:45:23","slug":"0760-network-externalities","status":"publish","type":"law_economics","link":"https:\/\/reference.findlaw.com\/lawandeconomics\/bibliographies\/0760-network-externalities.html","title":{"rendered":"Encyclopedia of Law &#038; Economics \u2013 0760 Network Externalities"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<ul class=\"links\">\n<li>Allen, Beth (1982), &#8216;Some Stochastic Processes of Interdependent Demand and Technological Diffusion Exhibiting Externalities Among Adopters&#8217;, <b>23 <\/b> <em>International Economic Review <\/em>, 595-608. <\/li>\n<li>Anton, James J. and Yao, Dennis A. (1995), &#8216;Standard-Setting Consortia, Antitrust, and High- Technology Industries&#8217;, <b>64 <\/b> <em>Antitrust Law Journal <\/em>, 247-265. <\/li>\n<li>Antonelli, Christiano (1992), &#8216;The Economic Theory of Information Networks&#8217;, in Antonelli, Christiano (ed.), <em>The Economics of Information Networks <\/em>, Amsterdam, North Holland. <\/li>\n<li>Antonelli, Christiano (1993), &#8216;Externalities and Complementarities in Telecommunications Dynamics&#8217;, <b>11 <\/b> <em>International Journal of Industrial Organization <\/em>, 299-450. <\/li>\n<li>Antonelli, Christiano (1994), &#8216;Localized Technological Change and the Evolution of Standards as Economic Institutions&#8217;, <b>6 <\/b> <em>Information Economics and Policy <\/em>, 195-216. <\/li>\n<li>Armstrong, Mark and others (1995), &#8216;The Access Pricing Problem&#8217;, <b>44 <\/b> <em>Journal of Industrial Economics <\/em>, 132-150. <\/li>\n<li>Arrow, Kenneth J. (1975), &#8216;Vertical Integration and Communication&#8217;, <b>6 <\/b> <em>Bell Journal of Economics <\/em>, 173-183. <\/li>\n<li>Arthur, W. Brian (1988), &#8216;Self-Reinforcing Mechanisms in Economics&#8217;, in Anderson, Philip W. et al. (eds.), <em>The Economy as an Evolving Complex System <\/em>, Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley, 9-31. <\/li>\n<li>Arthur, W. Brian (1989), &#8216;Competing Technologies, Increasing Returns, and Lock-In by Historical Events&#8217;, <b>99 <\/b> <em>Economic Journal <\/em>, 116 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Arthur, W. Brian (1990), &#8216;Positive Feedbacks in the Economy&#8217;, <b>262 <\/b> <em>Scientific American <\/em>, 92 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Arthur, W. Brian (1994), <em>Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy <\/em>, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press. <\/li>\n<li>Arthur, W. Brian (1996), &#8216;Increasing Returns and the New World of Business&#8217;, <em>Harvard Business Review <\/em>, 100 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Artle, R. and Averous, C. (1973), &#8216;The Telephone System as a Public Good: Static and Dynamic Aspects&#8217;, <b>4 <\/b> <em>Bell Journal of Economics <\/em>, 89-100. <\/li>\n<li>Axelsson, B. and Easton, G. (eds.) (1992), <em>Industrial Networks, A New View of Reality <\/em>, London, Routledge. <\/li>\n<li>Baird, Douglas G. and others (1994), <em>Game Theory and the Law <\/em>, Cambridge (MA), Harvard University Press. <\/li>\n<li>Baker, Donald I. (1993), &#8216;Compulsory Access to Network Joint Ventures Under the Sherman Act: Rules or Roulette?&#8217;, <b>1993 <\/b> <em>Utah Law Review <\/em>, 999-1133. <\/li>\n<li>Balcer, Yves and Lippman, Steven A. (1984), &#8216;Technological Expectations and Adoption of Improved Technology&#8217;, <b>34 <\/b> <em>Journal of Economic Theory <\/em>, 292-318. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div data-readmore=\"true\">\n<ul class=\"links\">\n<li>Banerjee, Abhijit V. (1992), &#8216;A Simple Model of Herd Behavior&#8217;, <b>107 <\/b> <em>Quarterly Journal of Economics <\/em>, 797 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Baumol, William J. and Sidak, J. Gregory (1994), &#8216;The Pricing of Inputs Sold to Competitors&#8217;, <b>11 <\/b> <em>Yale Journal on Regulation <\/em>, 171-202. <\/li>\n<li>Bensaid, Bernard and Lesne, Jean-Philippe (1996), &#8216;Dynamic Monopoly Pricing with Network Externalities&#8217;, <b>14 <\/b> <em>International Journal of Industrial Organization <\/em>, 837 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Bental, Benjamin and Spiegel, Menahem (1995), &#8216;Network Competition, Product Quality and Market Coverage in the Presence of Network Externalities&#8217;, <b>43 <\/b> <em>Journal of Industrial Economics <\/em>, 197-208. <\/li>\n<li>Berg, Sanford V. (1987), &#8216;Public Policy and Corporate Strategies in the AM Stereo Market&#8217;, in Gabel, H. Landis (ed.), <em>Product Standardization as a Tool of Competitive Strategy <\/em>, Amsterdam, North Holland. <\/li>\n<li>Berg, Sanford V. (1988), &#8216;Duopoly Compatibility Standards with Partial Cooperation and Standards Leadership&#8217;, <b>3 <\/b> <em>Information Economics and Policy <\/em>, 35-53. <\/li>\n<li>Besen, Stanley M. (1992), &#8216;AM versus FM: The Battle of the Bands&#8217;, <b>1 <\/b> <em>Industrial and Corporate Change <\/em>, 375 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Besen, Stanley M. and Farrell, Joseph (1994), &#8216;Choosing How to Compete: Strategies and Tactics in Standardization&#8217;, <b>8 <\/b> <em>Journal of Economic Perspectives <\/em>, 117 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Besen, Stanley M. and Johnson, Leland Law (1986), <em>Compatibility Standards, Competition, and Innovation in the Broadcasting Industry <\/em>, Rand Corporation, No. R-3453-NSF. <\/li>\n<li>Bijl, Paul W.J. and Goyal, Sanjeev (1995), &#8216;Technological Change in Markets With Network Externalities&#8217;, <b>13 <\/b> <em>International Journal of Industrial Organization <\/em>, 307-325. <\/li>\n<li>Bolter, Walter and others (1990), <em>Telecommunications Policy for the 1990s and Beyond <\/em>, New York, Sharpe. <\/li>\n<li>Borenstein, Severin and others (1995), &#8216;Antitrust Policy in Aftermarkets&#8217;, <b>63 <\/b> <em>Antitrust Law Journal <\/em>, 455-482. <\/li>\n<li>Braunstein, Yale and White, Lawrence (1985), &#8216;Setting Technical Compatibility Standards: An Economic Analysis&#8217;, <b>30 <\/b> <em>Antitrust Bulletin <\/em>, 337 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Brinig, Margaret F. (1995), &#8216;A Maternalistic Approach to Surrogacy&#8217;, <b>81 <\/b> <em>Virginia Law Review <\/em>, 2377-2399. <\/li>\n<li>Brinig, Margaret F. and Buckley, Francis H. (1996), &#8216;The Market for Deadbeats&#8217;, <b>25 <\/b> <em>Journal of Legal Studies <\/em>, 201-232. <\/li>\n<li>Brown, Jack E. (1993), &#8216;Technology Joint Ventures to Set Standards or Define Interfaces&#8217;, <b>61 <\/b> <em>Antitrust Law Journal <\/em>, 921-936. <\/li>\n<li>Cabral, Luis M.B. (1990), &#8216;On the Adoption of Innovations with Network Externalities&#8217;, <b>19 <\/b> <em>Mathematical Social Sciences <\/em>, 229-308. <\/li>\n<li>Carlton, Dennis W. and Frankel, Alan S. (1995), &#8216;The Antitrust Economics of Credit Card Networks&#8217;, <b>63 <\/b> <em>Antitrust Law Journal <\/em>, 643-668. <\/li>\n<li>Carlton, Dennis W. and Klamer, J. Mark (1983), &#8216;The Need for Coordination among Firms, with Special Reference to Network Industries&#8217;, <b>50 <\/b> <em>University of Chicago Law Review <\/em>, 446-465. <\/li>\n<li>Carlton, Dennis W. and Salop, Steven (1996), &#8216;You Keep On Knocking But You Can&#8217;t Come In: Evaluating Restrictions on Access To Input Joint Ventures&#8217;, <b>9 <\/b> <em>Harvard Journal of Law and Technology <\/em>, 319-352. <\/li>\n<li>Choi, Jay Pil (1994), &#8216;Irreversible Choice of Uncertain Technologies with Network Externalities&#8217;, <b>25 <\/b> <em>Rand Journal of Economics <\/em>, 382 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Choi, Jay Pil (1996), &#8216;Do Converters Facilitate the Transition to a New Incompatible Technology?: A Dynamic Analysis of Converters&#8217;, <b>14 <\/b> <em>International Journal of Industrial Organization <\/em>, 825 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Chou, Chien-fu and Shy Oz (1990), &#8216;Network Effects Without Network Externalities&#8217;, <b>8 <\/b> <em>International Journal of Industrial Organization <\/em>, 259-270. <\/li>\n<li>Church, Jeffrey and Gandal, Neil (1990), &#8216;Complementary Network Externalities and Technology Adoption&#8217;, <b>11 <\/b> <em>International Journal of Industrial Organization <\/em>, 239-260. <\/li>\n<li>Church, Jeffrey and Gandal, Neil (1992), &#8216;Integration, Complementary Products, and Variety&#8217;, <b>1 <\/b> <em>Journal of Economics and Management Strategy <\/em>, 651-675. <\/li>\n<li>Church, Jeffrey and Gandal, Neil (1992), &#8216;Network Effects, Software Provision, and Standardization&#8217;, <b>40 <\/b> <em>Journal of Industrial Economics <\/em>, 85-104. <\/li>\n<li>Church, Jeffrey and King, I.P. (1993), &#8216;Bilingualism and Network Externalities&#8217;, <b>26 <\/b> <em>Canadian Journal of Economics <\/em>, 337-345. <\/li>\n<li>Cohen, William E. (1996), &#8216;Competition and Foreclosure in the Context of Installed Base and Compatibility Effects&#8217;, <b>64 <\/b> <em>Antitrust Law Journal <\/em>, 535-569. <\/li>\n<li>Compton, Charles T.C. (1993), &#8216;Cooperation, Collaboration, and Coalition: a Perspective on the Types and Purposes of Technology Joint Ventures&#8217;, <b>61 <\/b> <em>Antitrust Law Journal <\/em>, 861-897. <\/li>\n<li>Conner, Kathleen R. (1995), &#8216;Obtaining Strategic Advantage From Being Imitated: When Can Encouraging &#8216;Clones&#8217; Pay?&#8217;, <b>41 <\/b> <em>Management Science <\/em>, 209-225. <\/li>\n<li>Conrad, Cecilia and Duchatelet, M. (1987), &#8216;New Technology Adoption&#8217;, <b>5 <\/b> <em>International Journal of Industrial Organization <\/em>, 315-321. <\/li>\n<li>Cowan, Robin (1990), &#8216;Nuclear Power Reactors: A Study in Technological Lock in&#8217;, <b>50 <\/b> <em>Journal of Economic History <\/em>, 541-567. <\/li>\n<li>Cowan, Robin (1991), &#8216;Tortoises and Hares: Choice among Technologies of Unknown Merit&#8217;, <b>101 <\/b> <em>Economic Journal <\/em>, 801-814. <\/li>\n<li>Cowan, Robin (1992), &#8216;High Technology and the Economics of Standardization&#8217;, in Dierkes, Meinolf and Hoffmann, Ute (eds.), <em>New Technology at the Outset <\/em>, Frankfurt am Main, Campus Verlag, 279-300. <\/li>\n<li>Crandall, Robert W. and Sidak, J. Gregory (1995), &#8216;Competition and Regulatory Policies for Interactive Broadband Networks&#8217;, <b>68 <\/b> <em>Southern California Law Review <\/em>, 1203-1237. <\/li>\n<li>Dam, Kenneth W. (1995), &#8216;Some Economic Considerations in the Intellectual Property Protection of Software&#8217;, <b>24 <\/b> <em>Journal of Legal Studies <\/em>, 321-377. <\/li>\n<li>David, Paul A (1985), &#8216;Clio and the Economics of QWERTY&#8217;, <b>75 <\/b> <em>American Economic Review <\/em>, 332-337. <\/li>\n<li>David, Paul A. (1986), &#8216;Understanding the Economics of QWERTY&#8217;, in Parker, W.N. (ed.), <em>Economic History and the Modern Economist <\/em>, Oxford, Blackwell. <\/li>\n<li>David, Paul A. and Bunn, Julie Ann (1988), &#8216;The Economics of Gateway Technologies and Network Evolution&#8217;, <b>3 <\/b> <em>Information Economics and Policy <\/em>, 165-202. <\/li>\n<li>David, Paul A. and Greenstein, Shane (1990), &#8216;The Economics of Compatibility Standards: An Introduction to the Recent Research&#8217;, <b>1 <\/b> <em>Economics of Innovation and New Technology <\/em>, 3-41. <\/li>\n<li>David, Paul A. and W. Edward Steinmueller (1994), &#8216;Economics of Compatibility Standards and Competition in Telecommunication Networks&#8217;, <b>6 <\/b> <em>Information Economics and Policy <\/em>, 217-241. <\/li>\n<li>Desruelle, Dominique and others (1996), &#8216;Complementarity, Coordination and Compatibility: An Analysis of the Economics of Systems&#8217;, <b>14 <\/b> <em>International Journal of Industrial Organization <\/em>, 747 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Domowitz, Ian (1995), &#8216;Electronic Derivatives Exchanges: Implicit Mergers, Network Externalities, and Standardization&#8217;, <b>35 <\/b> <em>Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance <\/em>, 163-175. <\/li>\n<li>Dowd, Kevin (1996), <em>Competition and Finance: A New Interpretation of Financial and Monetary Economics <\/em>, MacMillan Press, 572 p. <\/li>\n<li>Dowd, Kevin and Greenaway, David (1993), &#8216;Currency Competition, Network Externalities and Switching Costs: Towards an Alternative View of Optimal Currency Areas&#8217;, <b>103(420) <\/b> <em>Economic Journal <\/em>, 1180-1189. <\/li>\n<li>Dowd, Kevin and Greenaway, David (1993), &#8216;A Single Currency for Europe ?&#8217;, <b>15(1) <\/b> <em>Greek Economic Review <\/em>, 227-244. <\/li>\n<li>Dratler, Jay, Jr. (1996), &#8216;Microsoft as an Antitrust Target: IBM in Software?&#8217;, <b>25 <\/b> <em>Southwestern University Law Review <\/em>, 671-744. <\/li>\n<li>Dybvig, Philip and Spatt, Chester (1983), &#8216;Adoption Externalities as Public Goods&#8217;, <b>20 <\/b> <em>Journal of Public Economics <\/em>, 231-247. <\/li>\n<li>Economides, Nicholas (1988), &#8216;Desirability of Compatibility in the Absence of Network Externalities&#8217;, <b>78 <\/b> <em>American Economic Review <\/em>, 108-121. <\/li>\n<li>Economides, Nicholas (1991), &#8216;Compatibility and the Creation of Shared Networks&#8217;, in Guerin-Calvert, Margaret and Wildman, Steven (eds.), <em>Electronic Services Networks: A Business and Public Policy Challenge <\/em>, New York, Praeger. <\/li>\n<li>Economides, Nicholas (1993), &#8216;A Monopolist&#8217;s Incentive to Invite Competitors to Enter in Telecommunications Services&#8217;, in Pogorel, Gerard (ed.), <em>Global Telecommunications Services and Technological Changes <\/em>, Amsterdam, Elsevier. <\/li>\n<li>Economides, Nicholas (1993), &#8216;Network Economics with Application to Finance&#8217;, <b>2 <\/b> <em>Financial Markets, Institutions, and Instruments <\/em>, 89-97. <\/li>\n<li>Economides, Nicholas (1996), &#8216;The Economics of Networks&#8217;, <b>14 <\/b> <em>International Journal of Industrial Organization <\/em>, 673 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Economides, Nicholas (1997), &#8216;Network Externalities, Complementarities, and Invitations to Enter&#8217;, <em>European Journal of Political Economy <\/em>. <\/li>\n<li>Economides, Nicholas and Himmelberg, Charles (1995), &#8216;Critical Mass and Network Evolution in Telecommunications&#8217;, in Brock, Gerard (ed.), <em>Toward a Competitive Telecommunications Industry: Selected Papers from the 1994 Telecommunications Policy Research Conference <\/em>. <\/li>\n<li>Economides, Nicholas and Salop, Steven (1992), &#8216;Competition and Integration among Complements, and Network Market Structure&#8217;, <b>40 <\/b> <em>Journal of Industrial Economics <\/em>, 105-123. <\/li>\n<li>Economides, Nicholas and White, Lawrence (1994), &#8216;Networks and Compatibility: Implications for Antitrust&#8217;, <b>38 <\/b> <em>European Economic Review <\/em>, 651-662. <\/li>\n<li>Economides, Nicholas and White, Lawrence (1995), &#8216;Access and Interconnection Access Pricing: How Efficient is the Efficient Component Pricing Rule?&#8217;, <b>40 <\/b> <em>Antitrust Bulletin <\/em>, 557-579. <\/li>\n<li>Economides, Nicholas and White, Lawrence (1996), &#8216;One-Way Networks, Two-Way Networks, Compatibility, and Antitrust&#8217;, in Gabel, David and Weiman, David (eds.), <em>Opening Networks to Competition: The Regulation and Pricing of Access <\/em>, Amsterdam, Kluwer Academic Publishers. <\/li>\n<li>Encaoua, David and others (1996), &#8216;Compatibility and Competition in Airlines: Demand Side Network Effects&#8217;, <b>14 <\/b> <em>International Journal of Industrial Organization <\/em>, 701 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Evans, David S. and Schmalensee, Richard L. (1996), &#8216;A Guide to the Antitrust Economics of Networks&#8217;, <em>Antitrust <\/em>, 36-39. <\/li>\n<li>Farrell, Joseph (1989), &#8216;Standardization and Intellectual Property&#8217;, <b>30 <\/b> <em>Jurimetrics Journal <\/em>, 35-50. <\/li>\n<li>Farrell, Joseph (1996), &#8216;Creating Local Competition&#8217;, <b>49 <\/b> <em>Federal Communications Law Journal <\/em>, 201-215. <\/li>\n<li>Farrell, Joseph and Gallini, Nancy (1988), &#8216;Second-Sourcing as a Commitment: Monopoly Incentives to Attract Competition&#8217;, <b>103 <\/b> <em>Quarterly Journal of Economics <\/em>, 673-694. <\/li>\n<li>Farrell, Joseph and Saloner, Garth (1985), &#8216;Standardization, Compatibility, and Innovation&#8217;, <b>16 <\/b> <em>Rand Journal of Economics <\/em>, 70-83. <\/li>\n<li>Farrell, Joseph and Saloner, Garth (1986), &#8216;Economic Issues in Standardization&#8217;, in Miller, J. (ed.), <em>Telecommunications and Equity <\/em>, Amsterdam, North Holland. <\/li>\n<li>Farrell, Joseph and Saloner, Garth (1986), &#8216;Standardization and Variety&#8217;, <b>20 <\/b> <em>Economic Letters <\/em>, 71-74. <\/li>\n<li>Farrell, Joseph and Saloner, Garth (1986), &#8216;Installed Base and Compatibility: Innovation, Product Preannouncements, and Predation&#8217;, <b>76 <\/b> <em>American Economic Review <\/em>, 940-955. <\/li>\n<li>Farrell, Joseph and Saloner, Garth (1987), &#8216;Competition, Compatibility and Standards: The Economics of Horses, Penguins and Lemmings&#8217;, in Gabel, H. Landis (ed.), <em>Product Standardization and Competitive Strategy 1 <\/em>. <\/li>\n<li>Farrell, Joseph and Saloner, Garth (1988), &#8216;Coordination Through Committees and Markets&#8217;, <b>19 <\/b> <em>Rand Journal of Economics <\/em>, 235-252. <\/li>\n<li>Farrell, Joseph and Saloner, Garth (1992), &#8216;Converters, Compatibility, and the Control of Interfaces&#8217;, <b>40 <\/b> <em>Journal of Industrial Economics <\/em>, 9-36. <\/li>\n<li>Farrell, Joseph and Shapiro, Carl (1988), &#8216;Dynamic Competition with Switching Costs&#8217;, <b>19 <\/b> <em>Rand Journal of Economics <\/em>, 123 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Farrell, Joseph and Shapiro, Carl (1989), &#8216;Optimal Contracts with Lock-In&#8217;, <b>79 <\/b> <em>American Economic Review <\/em>, 51 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Farrell, Joseph and Shapiro, Carl (1992), &#8216;Standard Setting in High-Definition Television&#8217;, <b>1 <\/b> <em>Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: Microeconomics <\/em>. <\/li>\n<li>Farrell, Joseph and Shapiro, Carl (1994), &#8216;The Dynamics of Bandwagons&#8217;, in X (ed.), <em>Problems of Coordination in Economic Activity <\/em>. <\/li>\n<li>Fischel, William A. (1980), &#8216;Externalities and Zoning&#8217;, <b>35 <\/b> <em>Public Choice <\/em>, 37-43. <\/li>\n<li>Fischel, William A. (1994), &#8216;Zoning, Nonconvexities, and T. Jack Foster&#8217;s City&#8217;, <b>35 <\/b> <em>Journal of Urban Economics <\/em>, 175-181. <\/li>\n<li>Gabel, H. Landis (1991), <em>Competitive Strategies for Product Standards <\/em>, London, McGraw Hill. <\/li>\n<li>Gallini, Nancy and Karp, Larry (1989), &#8216;Sales and Consumer Lock-in&#8217;, <b>56 <\/b> <em>Economica <\/em>, 279-294. <\/li>\n<li>Gandal, Neil (1994), &#8216;Hedonic Price Indexes for Spreadsheets and an Empirical Test for Network Externalities&#8217;, <b>24 <\/b> <em>Rand Journal of Economics <\/em>, 19-39. <\/li>\n<li>Gandal, Neil (1995), &#8216;A Selective Survey of the Literature on Indirect Network Externalities&#8217;, <b>17 <\/b> <em>Research in Law and Economics <\/em>, 23-31. <\/li>\n<li>Gandal, Neil (1996), &#8216;Compatibility Standards and Complementary Network Externalities in the PC Software Market&#8217;, <em>Review of Economics and Statistics <\/em>. <\/li>\n<li>Garud, Raghu and Kumaraswamy, Arun (1993), &#8216;Changing Competitive Dynamics in Network Industries: An Exploration of Sun Microsystems&#8217; Open Systems Strategy&#8217;, <b>14 <\/b> <em>Strategic Management Journal <\/em>, 351-369. <\/li>\n<li>Gifford, Daniel J. (1996), &#8216;Microsoft Corporation, the Justice Department, and Antitrust Theory&#8217;, <b>25 <\/b> <em>Southwestern University Law Review <\/em>, 621-670. <\/li>\n<li>Gilbert, Richard J. (1989), &#8216;Mobility Barriers and the Value of Incumbency&#8217;, in Schmalensee, Richard &amp; Willig, Robert (eds.), <em>Handbook of Industrial Organization <\/em>, 475 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Gilbert, Richard J. (1992), &#8216;Symposium on Compatibility: Incentives and Market Structure&#8217;, <b>40 <\/b> <em>Journal of Industrial Economics <\/em>, 1 ff. <\/li>\n<li>Gilbert, Richard J. and Sunshine, Steven C. (1995), &#8216;Incorporating Dynamic Efficiency Concerns in Merger Analysis: The Use of Innovation Markets&#8217;, <b>63 <\/b> <em>Antitrust Law Journal <\/em>, 569-601. <\/li>\n<li>Gillette, Clayton P. (1996), &#8216;Rules, Standards, and Precautions in Payment Systems&#8217;, <b>82 <\/b> <em>Virginia Law Review <\/em>, 181-251. <\/li>\n<li>Graham, Lawrence D. and Zerbe, Richard O., Jr. (1996), &#8216;Economically Efficient Treatment of Computer Software: Reverse Engineering, Protection, and Disclosure&#8217;, <b>22 <\/b> <em>Rutgers Computer and Technology Law Journal <\/em>, 61-142. <\/li>\n<li>Gross, Irwin R. (1994), &#8216;A New Framework for Software Protection: Distinguishing Between Interactive and Non-Interactive Aspects of Computer Programs&#8217;, <b>20 <\/b> <em>Rutgers Computer and Technology Law Journal <\/em>, 107-187. <\/li>\n<li>Habermeier, Karl F. (1989), &#8216;Competing Technologies, the Learning Curve, and Rational Expectations&#8217;, <b>33 <\/b> <em>European Economic Review <\/em>, 1293-1311. <\/li>\n<li>Hanna, Ramsey (1994), &#8216;Note: Misusing Antitrust: The Search For Functional Copyright Misuse Standards&#8217;, <b>46 <\/b> <em>Stanford Law Review <\/em>, 401-448. <\/li>\n<li>Harbord, David and Hoehn, Tom (1994), &#8216;Barriers to Entry and Exit in European Competition Policy&#8217;, <b>14 <\/b> <em>International Review of Law and Economics <\/em>, 411-435. <\/li>\n<li>Hazlett, Thomas W. (1995), &#8216;Predation in Local Cable TV Markets&#8217;, <b>40 <\/b> <em>Antitrust Bulletin <\/em>, 609-644. <\/li>\n<li>Henriet, D. and Moulin, Herve (1996), &#8216;Traffic Based Cost Allocation in a Network&#8217;, <b>27 <\/b> <em>Rand Journal of Economics <\/em>, 332-345. <\/li>\n<li>Ignatin, Gary R. 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