{"id":26913,"date":"2022-09-05T03:28:18","date_gmt":"2022-09-05T03:28:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/content.findlaw-admin.com\/ability-legal\/amjur\/damages-sect-8.html"},"modified":"2022-08-25T11:48:03","modified_gmt":"2022-08-25T11:48:03","slug":"damages-sect-8","status":"publish","type":"amjur","link":"https:\/\/reference.findlaw.com\/amjur\/damages-sect-8.html","title":{"rendered":"Am Jur 2d &#8211; Damages \u00a7 8"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"leafpage\">\n<h2>II. Nominal Damages, A. Overview, \u00a7 8 &#8211; Definition<\/h2>\n<p>The term &#8220;nominal damages&#8221; describes two types of awards: (1) those damages recoverable where a legal right is to be vindicated against an invasion that has produced no actual, present loss of any kind;[<a href=\"#fn1\" name=\"fn-ref1\">1<\/a>] and (2) the very different allowance made when actual loss or injury is shown, but the plaintiff fails to prove the amount of damages.[<a href=\"#fn2\" name=\"fn-ref2\">2<\/a>] Nominal damages are, by definition, minimal monetary damages.[<a href=\"#fn3\" name=\"fn-ref3\">3<\/a>]<\/p>\n<div>\n<h2>All case links go to Westlaw and require login.<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<p>  <a href=\"#fn-ref1\" name=\"fn1\" class=\"footnote-revlink\">1<\/a>  <span>\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0003926&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=2021949787\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Roberson v. C.P. Allen Const. Co., Inc., 50 So. 3d 471 (Ala. Civ. App. 2010)\">Roberson v. C.P. Allen Const. Co., Inc., 50 So. 3d 471 (Ala. Civ. App. 2010)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000227&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=1964109445\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Kluge v. O&#039;Gara, 227 Cal. App. 2d 207, 38 Cal. Rptr. 607 (1st Dist. 1964)\">Kluge v. O&#8217;Gara, 227 Cal. App. 2d 207, 38 Cal. Rptr. 607 (1st Dist. 1964)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000162&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=2006201706\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Wasko v. Manella, 87 Conn. App. 390, 865 A.2d 1223 (2005)\">Wasko v. Manella, 87 Conn. App. 390, 865 A.2d 1223 (2005)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000735&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=1976199272\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Lassitter v. International Union of Operating Engineers, 349 So. 2d 622 (Fla. 1976)\">Lassitter v. International Union of Operating Engineers, 349 So. 2d 622 (Fla. 1976)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000711&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=2012393799\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"King v. Brock, 282 Ga. 56, 646 S.E.2d 206 (2007)\">King v. Brock, 282 Ga. 56, 646 S.E.2d 206 (2007)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000713&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=1940117950\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Guard, 283 Ky. 187, 139 S.W.2d 722 (1940)\">Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Guard, 283 Ky. 187, 139 S.W.2d 722 (1940)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0007691&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=2025900349\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Baker v. Farrand, 2011 ME 91, 26 A.3d 806 (Me. 2011)\">Baker v. Farrand, 2011 ME 91, 26 A.3d 806 (Me. 2011)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000162&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=2011888792\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Kleban v. Eghrari-Sabet, 174 Md. App. 60, 920 A.2d 606 (2007)\">Kleban v. Eghrari-Sabet, 174 Md. App. 60, 920 A.2d 606 (2007)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000735&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=1963131620\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Bumgart v. Bailey, 247 Miss. 604, 156 So. 2d 823 (1963)\">Bumgart v. Bailey, 247 Miss. 604, 156 So. 2d 823 (1963)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000713&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=1972132060\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"McClellan v. Highland Sales &amp; Inv. Co., 484 S.W.2d 239 (Mo. 1972)\">McClellan v. Highland Sales &amp; Inv. Co., 484 S.W.2d 239 (Mo. 1972)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000711&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=1942103770\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Hairston v. Atlantic Greyhound Corporation, 220 N.C. 642, 18 S.E.2d 166 (1942)\">Hairston v. Atlantic Greyhound Corporation, 220 N.C. 642, 18 S.E.2d 166 (1942)<\/a>    <\/span> (recognizing rule); <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0004644&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=2019703256\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"MBM Financial Corp. v. Woodlands Operating Co., L.P., 292 S.W.3d 660 (Tex. 2009)\">MBM Financial Corp. v. Woodlands Operating Co., L.P., 292 S.W.3d 660 (Tex. 2009)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0004645&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=2004176895\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Brown v. Johnston, 2004 WY 17, 85 P.3d 422 (Wyo. 2004)\">Brown v. Johnston, 2004 WY 17, 85 P.3d 422 (Wyo. 2004)<\/a>    <\/span>.<br \/><\/span>  <span>\u00a0&#8220;Nominal damages&#8221; are a mere token, signifying that plaintiff&#8217;s rights were technically invaded even though plaintiff cannot prove any loss or damage. <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000106&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=1994055631\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Griffith v. State of Colo., Div. of Youth Services, 17 F.3d 1323, 143 A.L.R. Fed. 677 (10th Cir. 1994)\">Griffith v. State of Colo., Div. of Youth Services, 17 F.3d 1323, 143 A.L.R. Fed. 677 (10th Cir. 1994)<\/a>    <\/span>.<br \/><\/span>  <span>\u00a0&#8220;Nominal damages&#8221; are a trivial sum of money awarded to a litigant who has established a cause of action but has not established that he is entitled to compensatory damages. <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0004644&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=2009514713\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Cherry v. Augustus, 245 S.W.3d 766 (Ky. Ct. App. 2006)\">Cherry v. Augustus, 245 S.W.3d 766 (Ky. Ct. App. 2006)<\/a>    <\/span>.<br \/><\/span>  <span>\u00a0&#8220;Nominal compensatory damages&#8221; are damages awarded when an injury has been proven, but it is impossible to calculate the damages therefrom. <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000162&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=2011888792\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Kleban v. Eghrari-Sabet, 174 Md. App. 60, 920 A.2d 606 (2007)\">Kleban v. Eghrari-Sabet, 174 Md. App. 60, 920 A.2d 606 (2007)<\/a>    <\/span>.<br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>  <a href=\"#fn-ref2\" name=\"fn2\" class=\"footnote-revlink\">2<\/a>  <span>\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000350&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=1981111264\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Powell v. Ward, 643 F.2d 924 (2d Cir. 1981)\">Powell v. Ward, 643 F.2d 924 (2d Cir. 1981)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000506&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=2006493817\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Bains LLC v. Arco Products Co., Div. of Atlantic Richfield Co., 405 F.3d 764 (9th Cir. 2005)\">Bains LLC v. Arco Products Co., Div. of Atlantic Richfield Co., 405 F.3d 764 (9th Cir. 2005)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0003926&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=2027862376\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Engineered Cooling Services, Inc. v. Star Service, Inc. of Mobile, 108 So. 3d 1022 (Ala. Civ. App. 2012)\">Engineered Cooling Services, Inc. v. Star Service, Inc. of Mobile, 108 So. 3d 1022 (Ala. Civ. App. 2012)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000661&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=1995196379\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Zok v. State, 903 P.2d 574 (Alaska 1995)\">Zok v. State, 903 P.2d 574 (Alaska 1995)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000227&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=1964109445\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Kluge v. O&#039;Gara, 227 Cal. App. 2d 207, 38 Cal. Rptr. 607 (1st Dist. 1964)\">Kluge v. O&#8217;Gara, 227 Cal. App. 2d 207, 38 Cal. Rptr. 607 (1st Dist. 1964)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000162&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=2006201706\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Wasko v. Manella, 87 Conn. App. 390, 865 A.2d 1223 (2005)\">Wasko v. Manella, 87 Conn. App. 390, 865 A.2d 1223 (2005)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000711&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=2012393799\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"King v. Brock, 282 Ga. 56, 646 S.E.2d 206 (2007)\">King v. Brock, 282 Ga. 56, 646 S.E.2d 206 (2007)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000661&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=1960122327\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Ferreira v. Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Limited, 44 Haw. 567, 356 P.2d 651 (1960)\">Ferreira v. Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Limited, 44 Haw. 567, 356 P.2d 651 (1960)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0007691&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=2025900349\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Baker v. Farrand, 2011 ME 91, 26 A.3d 806 (Me. 2011)\">Baker v. Farrand, 2011 ME 91, 26 A.3d 806 (Me. 2011)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000713&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=1972132060\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"McClellan v. Highland Sales &amp; Inv. Co., 484 S.W.2d 239 (Mo. 1972)\">McClellan v. Highland Sales &amp; Inv. Co., 484 S.W.2d 239 (Mo. 1972)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000602&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=1966128024\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Shearing v. City of Rochester, 51 Misc. 2d 436, 273 N.Y.S.2d 464 (Sup 1966)\">Shearing v. City of Rochester, 51 Misc. 2d 436, 273 N.Y.S.2d 464 (Sup 1966)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000578&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=1956119100\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Lacey v. Laird, 166 Ohio St. 12, 1 Ohio Op. 2d 158, 139 N.E.2d 25 (1956)\">Lacey v. Laird, 166 Ohio St. 12, 1 Ohio Op. 2d 158, 139 N.E.2d 25 (1956)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0004644&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=2019703256\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"MBM Financial Corp. v. Woodlands Operating Co., L.P., 292 S.W.3d 660 (Tex. 2009)\">MBM Financial Corp. v. Woodlands Operating Co., L.P., 292 S.W.3d 660 (Tex. 2009)<\/a>    <\/span>; <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000661&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=1953103563\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Gilmartin v. Stevens Inv. Co., 43 Wash. 2d 289, 261 P.2d 73 (1953)\">Gilmartin v. Stevens Inv. Co., 43 Wash. 2d 289, 261 P.2d 73 (1953)<\/a>    <\/span>, opinion adhered to on reh&#8217;g, <span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000661&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=1954201492\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"43 Wash. 2d 289, 266 P.2d 800 (1954)\">43 Wash. 2d 289, 266 P.2d 800 (1954)<\/a>    <\/span>.<br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p>  <a href=\"#fn-ref3\" name=\"fn3\" class=\"footnote-revlink\">3<\/a>  <span>\u00a0<span class=\"cite\">      <a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Link\/Document\/FullText?findType=Y&amp;originatingContext=document&amp;transitionType=DocumentItem&amp;pubNum=0000661&amp;refType=RP&amp;originatingDoc=&amp;serNum=1995196379\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Zok v. State, 903 P.2d 574 (Alaska 1995)\">Zok v. State, 903 P.2d 574 (Alaska 1995)<\/a>    <\/span>.<br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><a href=\"https:\/\/1.next.westlaw.com\/Document\/I491429cab27b11d9815db1c9d88f7df2\/View\/FullText.html?originationContext=documenttoc&#038;transitionType=CategoryPageItem&#038;contextData=(sc.Default)\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Am Jur 2d Damages\">Read this complete Am Jur 2d section on Westlaw<\/a><\/b><\/div>\n","protected":false},"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_stopmodifiedupdate":false,"_modified_date":"","_cloudinary_featured_overwrite":false},"class_list":["post-26913","amjur","type-amjur","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/reference.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/amjur\/26913","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/reference.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/amjur"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/reference.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/amjur"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/reference.findlaw.com\/legal-api\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26913"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}