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Encyclopedia of Law & Economics - 8000 Optimal Enforcement

  • Adelstein, Richard P. (1981), 'Institutional Function and Evolution in the Criminal Process', 76 Northwestern University Law Review , 1-99.
  • Adelstein, Richard P. and Miceli, Thomas J. (1997), Toward a Comparative Economics of Plea Bargaining , Manuscript.
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  • Anden¾s, Johannes (1966), 'The General Preventive Effects of Punishment', 114 University of Pennsylvania Law Review , 949-983.
  • Anden¾s, Johannes (1971), 'Deterrence and Specific Offenses', 38 University of Chicago Law Review , 537-553.
  • Anden¾s, Johannes (1974), Punishment and Deterrence , Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press.
  • Anderson, Lee G. and Lee, Dwight R. (1986), 'Optimal Governing Instrument, Operation Level, and Enforcement in Natural Resource Regulation: The Case of the Fishery', 68 American Journal of Agricultural Economics , 678-690.
  • Andreoni, James (1991), 'Reasonable Doubt and the Optimal Magnitude of Fines: Should the Penalty Fit the Crime?', 22(3) Rand Journal of Economics , 385-395.
  • Andreoni, James (1995), 'Criminal Deterrence in the Reduced Form: A New Perspective on Ehrlich's Seminal Study', 33 Economic Inquiry , 476-483.
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  • Arlen, Jennifer H. and Kraakman, Reinier H. (1997), 'Controlling Corporate Misconduct: An Analysis of Corporate Liability Regimes', 72 New York University Law Review , 687-779.
  • Avio, Kenneth L. (1975), 'Recidivism in the Economic Model of Crime', 13 Economic Inquiry , 450-456.
  • Avio, Kenneth L. (1987), 'Clemency in Economic and Retributive Models of Punishment', 7 International Review of Law and Economics , 79-88.
  • Avio, Kenneth L. and Clark, C. Scott (1976), Property Crime in Canada: An Econometric Study , Toronto, University of Toronto Press.
  • Avio, Kenneth L. and Clark, C. Scott (1978), 'The Supply of Property Offences in Canada: Evidence on the Deterrent Effect of Punishment', 11 Canadian Journal of Economics , 1-19.
  • Ayres, Ian and Levitt, Steven D., 'Measuring the Positive Externalities from Unobservable Victim Precaution: An Empirical Analysis of Lojack', Quarterly Journal of Economics .
  • Baldry, Jonathan C. (1980), 'Crimes Punishable by Imprisonment: A Note', 9 Journal of Legal Studies , 617-619.
  • Baldry, Jonathan C. (1984), 'The Enforcement of Income Tax Laws: Efficiency Implications', 60 Economic Record , 156-159.
  • Basu, Kaushik, Bhattacharya, Sudipto and Mishra, Ajit (1992), 'Notes on Bribery and the Control of Corruption', 48(3) Journal of Public Economics , 349-359.
  • Baudenbacher, Carl (1985), Rechtsverwirklichung als škonomisches Problem? Zur †berlastung der Zivilgerichte (Enforcement of Law as an Economic Problem? On the Overload of the Civil Courts], Zurich, Schulthess,) ,.
  • Bebchuk, Lucian Arye and Kaplow, Louis (1992), 'Optimal Sanctions When Individuals Are Imperfectly Informed about the Probability of Apprehension', 21 Journal of Legal Studies , 365-370.
  • Bebchuk, Lucian Arye and Kaplow, Louis (1993), 'Optimal Sanctions and Differences in Individuals' Likelihood of Avoiding Detection', 13 International Review of Law and Economics , 217-224.
  • Beccaria, Cesare (1770), On Crimes and Punishments, and Other Writings ,. Reprinted by Bellamy, Richard (ed.); Davies, Richard, et al. (trans.), New York, Cambridge University Press, 1995
  • Becker, Gary S. (1968), 'Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach', 76 Journal of Political Economy , 169-217.
  • Becker, Gary S. and Landes, William M. (eds.) (1974), Essays in the Economics of Crime and Punishment , New York, Columbia University Press, 268 p.
  • Becker, Gary S. and Stigler, George J. (1974), 'Law Enforcement, Malfeasance, and Compensation of Enforcers', 3 Journal of Legal Studies , 1-18.
  • Ben-Shahar, Omri (1993), Playing Without a Rulebook: Optimal Sanction Under Incomplete Information , Discussion Paper, Program in Law and Economics, Harvard Law School, No. 134.
  • Ben-Shahar, Omri (1997), 'Playing Without a Rulebook: Optimal Enforcement When Individuals Learn the Penalty Only by Committing the Crime', 17 International Review of Law and Economics , 409-421.
  • Ben-Shahar, Omri and Harel, Alon (1995), ''Blaming the Victim': Optimal Incentives for Private Precautions Against Crime', 11 Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization , 434-455.
  • Ben-Shahar, Omri and Harel, Alon (1996), 'The Economics of the Law of Criminal Attempts: a Victim-Centered Perspective', 145(1) University of Pennsylvania Law Review , 299-351.
  • Benson, Bruce L. (1981), 'A Note on Corruption of Public Officials: The Black Market for Property Rights', 5 Journal of Libertarian Studies , 305-311.
  • Benson, Bruce L. (1984), 'Guns for Protection and Other Private Sector Responses to the Fear of Violent Crime', in Kates, Don, Jr. (ed.), Firearms and Violence: Issues of Regulation , Cambridge (MA), Ballinger, 329-356.
  • Benson, Bruce L. (1986), 'Guns for Protection and Other Private Sector Responses to Government's Failure to Control Increasing Violent Crime', 8 Journal of Libertarian Studies , 75-109.
  • Benson, Bruce L. (1986), 'The Lost Victim and Other Failures of the Public Law Experiment', 9 Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy , 399-427.
  • Benson, Bruce L. (1988), 'An Institutional Explanation for Corruption of Criminal Justice Officials', 8(1) Cato Journal , 139-163.
  • Benson, Bruce L. (1988), 'Corruption in Law Enforcement: One Consequence of "The Tragedy of the Commons" Arising with Public Allocation Processes', 8 International Review of Law and Economics , 73-84.
  • Benson, Bruce L. (1992), 'The Development of Criminal Law and Its Enforcement: Public Interest or Political Transfers', 3 Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines , 79-108.
  • Benson, Bruce L. (1994), 'Are Public Goods Really Common Pools: Considerations of the Evolution of Policing and Highways in England', 39 Economic Inquiry , 249-271.
  • Benson, Bruce L. (1996), 'Restitution in Theory and in Practice', 12 Journal of Libertarian Studies , 75-98.
  • Benson, Bruce L. and Baden, John A. (1985), 'The Political Economy of Government Corruption: The Logic of Underground Government', 14 Journal of Legal Studies , 391-410.
  • Benson, Bruce L. and Rasmussen, David W. (1991), 'The Relationship Between Illicit Drug Enforcement Policy and Property Crimes', 9 Contemporary Policy Issues , 106-115.
  • Benson, Bruce L. and Rasmussen, David W. (1992), Illinois' War on Drugs: Some Unintended Consequences , Heartland Policy Study, Chicago, Heartland Institute, No. 48.
  • Benson, Bruce L. and Rasmussen, David W. (1995), 'Crime and Punishment', in Denslow, David A., Scoggins, J.F. and Shermyen, Anne (eds.), The Economy of Florida , Gainesville (FL), Bureau of Economic and Business Research, 99-116.
  • Benson, Bruce L. and Rasmussen, David W. (1995), Illicit Drugs and Crime , Independent Policy Report, Oakland, Independent Institute.
  • Benson, Bruce L., Kim, Iljoong and Rasmussen, David W. (1994), 'Estimating Deterrence Effects: A Public Choice Prospective on the Economics of Crime Literature', 61 Southern Economic Journal , 161-168.
  • Benson, Bruce L., Kim, Iljoong, Rasmussen, David W. and Zuehlke, Thomas W. (1992), 'Is Property Crime Caused by Drug Use or Drug Enforcement Policy?', 24 Applied Economics , 679-692.
  • Benson, Bruce L., Kim, Iljoong, Rasmussen, David W. and Zuehlke, Thomas W. (1993), 'An Economic Analysis of Recidivism Among Drug Offenders', 60 Southern Economic Journal , 169-183.
  • Benson, Bruce L., Rasmussen, David W. and Sollars, David L. (1995), 'Police Bureaucrats, Their Incentives, and the War on Drugs', 83 Public Choice , 21-45.
  • Bentham, Jeremy (1973), 'An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation', in X. (ed.), The Utilitarians , Rept. Garden City (N.Y.), Anchor Books.
  • Besanko, David A. and Spulber, Daniel F. (1989), 'Delegated Law Enforcement and Noncooperative Behavior', 5 Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization , 25-52.
  • Black, Bernard and Kraakman, Reinier H. (1996), 'A Self-Enforcing Model of Corporate Law', 109 Harvard Law Review , 1911-1979.
  • Blades, Derek W. (1985), 'Crime: What Should Be Recorded in the National Accounts; and What Difference Would It Make', in Gaertner, Wulf and Wenig, Alois (eds.), The Economics of the Shadow Economy: Proceedings of th International Conference on the Economics of the Shadow Economy Held at the University of Bielefeld, West Germany, October 10-14, 1983 , Berlin, Springer, 45-58.
  • Block, Michael K. (1991), 'Optimal Penalties, Criminal Law and the Control of Corporate Behavior', 71 Boston University Law Review , 395-419.
  • Block, Michael K. and Feinstein, Jonathan S. (1986), 'The Spillover Effect of Antitrust Enforcement', 68 Review of Economics and Statistics , 122-131.
  • Block, Michael K. and Lind, Robert C. (1975), 'An Economic Analysis of Crimes Punishable by Imprisonment', 4 Journal of Legal Studies , 479-492.
  • Block, Michael K. and Lind, Robert C. (1975), 'Crime and Punishment Reconsidered', 4 Journal of Legal Studies , 241-247.
  • Block, Michael K. and Sidak, Joseph Gergory (1980), 'The Cost of Antitrust Deterrence: Why Not Hang a Price Fixer Now and Then?', 68 Georgetown Law Journal , 1131-1139.
  • Block, Michael K., Nold, Frederik Carl and Sidak, J. Gregory (1981), 'The Deterrent Effect of Antitrust Enforcement', 89 Journal of Political Economy , 429-445.
  • Blumstein, A. (1971), 'Cost-Effectiviness Analysis in the Allocation of Police Resources', in Kendall, M.G. (ed.), Cost-benefit Analysis , London, English Universities Press.
  • Bone, J. (1985), 'On Substituting a Socially Costless Penalty for Costly Crime', 5 International Review of Law and Economics , 239-246.
  • Bose, Pinaki (1995), 'Anticipatory Compliance and Effective Regulatory Activity', 15 International Review of Law and Economics , 151-159.
  • Bose, Pinaki (1995), 'Regulatory Errors, Optimal Fines, and the Level of Compliance', 56 Journal of Public Economics , 475-484.
  • Bourbeau, Robert (1983), Les accidents de la route au QuŽbec 1926-1978: Žtude dŽmographique et ŽpidŽmiologique (Road Accidents in Quebec, 1926-1978: A Demographic and Epidemiologic Study) , MontrŽal, Presses de l'UniversitŽ de MontrŽal.
  • Bowles, Roger A. (1982), Law and the Economy , Oxford, Martin Robertson, 239 p.
  • Bowles, Roger A. and Garoupa, Nuno (1997), 'Casual Police Corruption and the Economics of Crime', 17 International Review of Law and Economics , 75-87.
  • Boyer, Marcel, Dionne, Georges and Vanasse, Charles (1991), 'Infractions au code de la sŽcuritŽ routire, infractions au code criminel et gestion optimale de la sŽcuritŽ routire (Infractions to the Road Safety Code, Infractions to the Criminal Code and Optimal Management of Road Safety)', 67 L'actualitŽ Economique , 279-305.
  • Braden, John B. and others (1987), 'A Displacement Model of Regulatory Compliance and Costs', 63 Land Economics , 323-336.
  • Brotman, B.A. and Fox, P. (1988), 'The Impact of Economic Conditions on the Incidence of Arson: Comment', 55 Journal of Risk and Insurance , 751-754.
  • Brown, William W. and Reynolds, Morgan O. (1973), 'Crime and "Punishment": Risk Implications', 6 Journal of Economic Theory , 508-514.
  • Buck, Andrew J. and others (1983), 'The Deterrence Hypothesis Revisited', 13 Regional Science and Urban Economics , 471-486.
  • Burnovski, Moshe and Safra, Zvi (1994), 'Deterrence Effects of Sequential Punishment Policies: Should Repeat Offenders Be More Severely Punished?', 14 International Review of Law and Economics , 341-350.
  • Cadot, Olivier (1987), 'Corruption as a Gamble', 33(2) Journal of Public Economics , 223-244.
  • Calfee, John E. and Craswell, Richard (1984), 'Some Effects of Uncertainty on Compliance with Legal Standards', 70 Virginia Law Review , 965-1003.
  • Calfee, John E. and Rubin, Paul H. (1992), 'Some Implications of Damage Payments for Nonpecuniary Losses', 21 Journal of Legal Studies , 371-411.
  • Cameron, Samuel (1988), 'The Economics of Crime Deterrence: A Survey of Theory and Evidence', 41 Kyklos , 301-323.
  • Cameron, Samuel (1989), 'On the Welfare Economics of Capital Punishment', 28 Australian Economic Papers , 253-266.
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  • Carlin, Paul and Sandy, Robert (1990), 'The Value of Time and the Effect of Fines on Child Car Safety Seat Usage', 22 Applied Economics , 463-476.
  • Carr-Hill, R. A. and Stern, N. H. (1979), Crime, the Police and Criminal Statistics: An Analysis of Official Statistics for England and Wales Using Econometric Methods , London, Academic Press.
  • Chu, C. Y. Cyrus (1979), 'Crime and Punishment with Possible Post-Offense Compromise', 17 Academia Economic Papers , 131-167.
  • Chu, C. Y. Cyrus (1991), 'Note: An Economic Analysis of the Criminal Proceedings in Civil-Law Countries', 11 International Review of Law and Economics , 111-116.
  • Chu, C. Y. Cyrus (1993), 'Oscillatory vs. Stationary Enforcement of Law', 13 International Review of Law and Economics , 303-315.
  • Chu, C. Y. Cyrus and Jiang, Neville (1993), 'Are Fines More Efficient than Imprisonment?', 51 Journal of Public Economics , 391-413.
  • Chu, C. Y. Cyrus, Hu, Sheng Cheng and Huang, Ting-Yuan (1997), Punishing Repeat Offenders More Severely , Manuscript.
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  • Clotfelter, Charles T. (1983), 'Tax Evasion and Tax Rates: An Analysis of Individual Returns', 65 Review of Economics and Statistics , 363-373.
  • Coffee, John C., Jr. (1980), 'Corporate Crime and Punishment: A Non-Chicago View of the Economics of Criminal Sanctions', 17 American Criminal Law Review , 419-476.
  • Coffee, John C., Jr. (1986), 'Understanding the Plaintiff's Attorney: the Implications of Economic Theory for Private Enforcement of Law through Class and Derivative Actions', 86 Columbia Law Review , 669-727.
  • Cohen, Mark A (1996), 'Theories of Punishment and Empirical Trends in Corporate Criminal Sanctions', 17 Managerial and Decision Economics , 399-411.
  • Cohen, Mark A. (1986), 'The Costs and Benefits of Oil Spill Prevention and Enforcement', 13 Journal of Environmental Economics and Management , 167-188.
  • Cohen, Mark A. (1987), 'Optimal Enforcement Strategy to Prevent Oil Spills: An Application of a Principal-Agent Model with Moral Hazard', 30 Journal of Law and Economics , 23-51.
  • Cohen, Mark A. (1989), 'Corporate Crime and Punishment: A Study of Social Harm and Sentencing Practice in the Federal Courts, 1984-1987', 26(3) American Criminal Law Review , 605-660.
  • Cohen, Mark A. (1989), 'The Role of Criminal Sanctions in Antitrust Enforcement', 7(4) Contemporary Policy Issues , 36-46.
  • Cohen, Mark A. (1991), 'Corporate Crime and Punishment: An Update on Sentencing Practice in the Federal Courts, 1988-1990', 71(2) Boston University Law Review , 247-280.
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  • Cohen, Mark A., Chih-Chin Ho, Edward D. Jones, III. and Laura M. Schleich (1988), 'Organizations as Defendants in Federal Court: A Preliminary Analysis of Prosecutions, Convictions and Sanctions, 1984-1987', 10(1) Whittier Law Review , 103-124.
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  • Cook, Philip J. (1987), 'The Economics of Criminal Sanctions', in Friedland, M. L. (ed.), Sanctions and Rewards in the Legal System: A Multidisciplinary Approach , Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 50-78.
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  • Garoupa, Nuno (1997), The Economics of Organized Crime and Optimal Law Enforcement: the Urge for a Tougher Policy , Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Manuscript.
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