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Encyclopedia of Law & Economics – 3500 Tort Damages

  • Abraham, Kenneth S. and Jeffries, John C., Jr. (1989), ‘Punitive Damages and the Rule of Law: The Role of Defendant’s Wealth’, 18 Journal of Legal Studies , 415-425.
  • Acton, Jan Paul (1976), ‘The Value of Life: An Overview and Critique of Alternative Measures and Measurement Techniques’, 40 Law and Contemporary Problems , 46-72.
  • Adams, Michael (1989), ‘Warum kein Ersatz von NichtvermšgensschŠden? (Why No Damages for Nonpecuniary Losses?)’, in Ott, Claus and SchŠfer, Hans-Bernd (eds.), Allekationseffizienz in der Rechtsordnung , Berlin, Springer, 210-217.
  • Adams, Michael (1989), ‘Warum kein Ersatz fŸr NichtvermšgensschŠder?’, in Ott, Claus and SchŠfer, Hans-Bernd (eds.), Allekationseffizienz in der Rechtsordnung , Berlin, Springer, 210-218.
  • Alberts, Robert J. (1994), ‘Modeling Taxes in Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Award Calculations’, 7 Journal of Forensic Economics , 239-243.
  • Alberts, Robert J., Clauretie, Terrence M. and Jameson, Mel (1994), ‘Ordinary and Reverse Tax Effect in Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Cases’, 7 Journal of Forensic Economics , 245-266.
  • Albrecht, Gary R. (1994), ‘The Application of the Hedonic Damages Concept to Wrongful Death and Personal Injury Litigation’, 7 Journal of Forensic Economics , 143-150.
  • Anderson (1985), ‘Economic Theory and the Present Value of Future Lost Earnings: An Integration, Unification, and Simplification of Court Adopted Methodologies’, 39 University of Miami Law Review , 723 ff.
  • Anderson and Robert D. Willig (1985), ‘Economic Theory and the Present Value of Future Lost Earnings: An Integration, Unification, and Simplification of Court Adopted Methodologies’, 39 University of Miami Law Review , 723 ff.
  • Anderson, Gary A. and Barber, Joel R. (1992), ‘`A Simple Procedure for Computing the Present Value of Non-annual Damages’, 6 Journal of Forensic Economics , 3-6.
  • Arlen, Jennifer H. (1985), ‘Note: An Economic Analysis of Tort Damages for Wrongful Death’, 60 New York University Law Review , 1113-1136.
  • Arlen, Jennifer H. (1990), ‘Reexamining Liability Rules When Injurers As Well As Victims Suffer Losses’, 10 International Review of Law and Economics , 233-239.
  • Arlen, Jennifer H. (1990), ‘Reconsidering Efficient Tort Rules for Physical Injury: The Case of Single Activity Accidents’, 32 William & Mary Law Review , 41-103.
  • Arlen, Jennifer H. (1992), ‘Liability for Physical Injury When Injurers As Well As Victims Suffer Losses’, 8 Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization , 411-426.
  • Arlen, Jennifer H. (1992), ‘Should Defendants’ Wealth Matter?’, 21 Journal of Legal Studies , 413-429.
  • Arlen, Jennifer H. (1992), ‘Book Review: W. Kip Viscusi, Reforming Products Liability’, 30 Journal of Economic Literature , 2170-2172.
  • Arlen, Jennifer H. (1993), ‘Compensation Systems and Efficient Deterrence’, 52 Maryland Law Review , 1093-1136.
  • Arlen, Jennifer H. and Kraakman, Reinier H. (1997), ‘Controlling Corporate Misconduct: An Analysis of Corporate Liability Regimes’, 72 New York University Law Review , 687-779.
  • Arrow, Kenneth J. (1971), ‘Insurance, Risk, and Resource Allocation’, in X., (ed.), Essays in the Theory of Risk-Bearing , Chicago (IL): Markham.
  • Arrow, Kenneth J. (1974), ‘Optimal Insurance and Generalized Deductibles’, Scandinavian Actuarial Journal , 1-42.
  • Arthur, W. Brian (1981), ‘The Economics of Risks to Life’, 71 American Economic Review , 54-64.
  • Backhaus, JŸrgen G. (1978), ‘Lawyers’ Economics vs. the Economic Analysis of Law: A Critique of Professor Posner’s “Economic Approach to Law with Reference to a Case Concerning Damages for Loss of Earning Capacity”‘, 3 Munich Social Science Review , 57-80.
  • Baldus, D. and MacQueen, John C., M.D. (1995), ‘mproving Judicial Oversight of Jury Damages Assessments: A Proposal for the Comparative Additur/Remittitur Review of Awards for Nonpecuniary Harms and Punitive Damages’, 80 Iowa Law Review , 1109-1267.
  • Barchas, Isaac D. and Weil, Roman L. (1995), ‘Lost Profits to New Businesses’, in X (ed.), Litigation Services Handbook, 2nd ed. , New York, John Wiley.
  • Barnes, David W. and Stout, Lynn A. (1992), Economic Analysis of Tort Law , West Publishing.
  • Becker, Gary S. (1991), A Treatise on the Family , Cambridge (MA), Harvard University Press, 365 p.
  • Becker, William E. and Stout, Richard A. (1992), ‘The Utility of Death and Wrongful Death Compensation’, 5 Journal of Forensic Economics , 197-208.
  • Bell, Edward B. and Taub, Allan J. (1994), ‘An Analysis of Alternative Methods of Calculating Tax-Adjusted Awards’, 7 Journal of Forensic Economics , 267-274.
  • Ben-Shahar, Omri and Von Randow, Philipp (1993), Liability Rules and the Informational Content of Victims’ Protection Measures , Discussion Paper, Program in Law and Economics, Harvard Law School, No. 127.
  • Ben-Zion, Barry and Reddall, Ronald G. (1985), ‘Life Expectancy and Actuarial Present Values: A Note to Forensic Economists’, 7 Research in Law and Economics , 160-171.
  • Berla, Edward P., Brookshire, William and Smith, Stan V. (1990), ‘Hedonic Damages and Personal Injury: A Conceptual Approach’, 3 Journal of Forensic Economics , 1-8.
  • Berla, Edward P., Meyer, Robert G. and Andrews, Paul (1995), ‘The Lost Pleasure of Life Scale: A Reply to Caragonne’, 8 Journal of Forensic Economics , 273-275.
  • Binger, Brian, Copple, Robert and Hoffman, Elizabeth (1995), ‘Contingent Valuation Methodology in the Natural Resource Damage Regulatory Process: Choice Theory and the Embedding Problem’, 35 Natural Resources Journal , 443-459.
  • Binger, Brian, Copple, Robert and Hoffman, Elizabeth (1995), ‘The Use of Contingent Valuation Methodology in Natural Resource Damage Assessments: Legal Fact and Economic Fiction’, 89 Northwestern University Law Review , 1029-1116.
  • Bishop, William (1982), ‘Economic Loss in Tort’, 2 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies , 1-30.
  • Bishop, William (1982), ‘Economic Loss: A Reply to Professor Rizzo’, 2 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies , 207-210.
  • Bishop, William and Sutton, John (1986), ‘Efficiency and Justice in Tort Damages: The Shortcomings of the Pecuniary Loss Rule’, 15 Journal of Legal Studies , 347-370.
  • Blomquist, Glenn S. (1979), ‘Value of Life Saving: Implications of Consumer Activity’, 87 Journal of Political Economy , 540-558.
  • Blomquist, Glenn S. (1981), ‘The Value of Human Life: An Empirical Perspective’, 19 Economic Inquiry , 157-164.
  • Blomquist, Glenn S. (1982), ‘Estimating the Value of Life and Safety: Recent Developments’, in Jones-Lee, M.W., (ed.), The Value of Life and Safety , Chicago (IL): University of Chicago Press.
  • Blumstein, James F., Bovbjerg, Randall R. and Sloan, Frank A. (1991), ‘Beyond Tort Reform: Developing Better Tools for Assessing Damages for Personal Injury’, 8 Yale Journal on Regulation , 171-212.
  • Boulier, Bryan L. (1995), ‘A Valuation of a Generic Child — The Investment Approach: A Comment’, 8 Journal of Forensic Economics , 81-88.
  • Bovbjerg, Randall R., Sloan, Frank A. and Blumstein, James F. (1989), ‘Public Policy: Valuing Life and Limb in Tort: Scheduling “Pain and Suffering’, 83 Northwestern University Law Review , 908-976.
  • Brady, Dennis, Brookshire, Michael and Cobb, William (1985), ‘The Development and Solution of a Tax-Adjusted Model for Personal Injury Awards: A Response’, 52 Journal of Risk and Insurance , 520-521.
  • Brenza, Lindley J. (1987), ‘Asbestos in Schools and the Economic Loss Doctrine’, 54 University of Chicago Law Review , 277-311.
  • Broder, Ivy E. and Husted, Thomas A. (1991), ‘The Effect of Post-Trial Activity on Large Jury Awards’, 11 International Review of Law and Economics , 251-260.
  • Brookshire, Michael and Ireland, Thomas R. (1994), ‘Converting From a Present Value Lump Sum to a Future Payment Stream’, 7 Journal of Forensic Economics , 151-157.
  • Broome, John (1978), ‘Trying to Value a Life’, 9 Journal of Public Economics , 91-100.
  • Brown, John Prather (1973), ‘Toward an Economic Theory of Liability’, 2 Journal of Legal Studies , 323-350.
  • Brown, Ralph J. and Johnson, Dennis A. (1983), ‘Wrongful Death and Personal Injury: Economics and the Law’, 29 South Dakota Law Review , 1-23.
  • Bruce, Christopher J. (1979), ‘The Calculation of Foregone Lifetime Earnings: Three Decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada’, Canadian Public Policy , 155-167.
  • Bruce, Christopher J. (1982), ‘Introduction of Economic Factors into Litigation: Ontario s 2_ Percent Solution’, Canadian Bar Review , 677-687.
  • Bruce, Christopher J. (1983), ‘Four Systems for Compensating Prospective Damages in Tort’, University of Western Ontario Law Review , 1-28.
  • Bruce, Christopher J. (1984), ‘An Efficient Technique for Determining the Compensation of Lost Earnings’, 13 Journal of Legal Studies , 375-378.
  • Bruce, Christopher J. (1984), ‘The Calculation of an Infant’s Lost Earnings’, Alberta Law Review , 291-293.
  • Bruce, Christopher J. (1987), ‘Measure of Damages for the Wrongful Death of a Child’, Canadian Bar Review , 344-359.
  • Bruce, Christopher J. (1992), The Assessment of Personal Injury Damages, 2nd Edition , Toronto, Butterworths, 300 p.
  • Bruce, Christopher J. and Kerr, W.A. (1987), ‘Estimating Farm Income to Determine Compensation in Death or Disability Cases’, 9 Journal of Agricultural Taxation and Law , 254-263.
  • Brush, Brian C. and Breeden, Charles H. (1994), ‘Income Taxes and Economic Damages’, 4 Journal of Legal Economics , 51-63.
  • Buchanan, James M. and Faith, Roger L. (1979), ‘Trying Again to Value a Life’, 12 Journal of Public Economics , 245-248.
  • Burke, John F., Jr. and Rosen, Harvey S. (1983), ‘Taxes and Compensation for Lost Earnings: A Comment’, 12 Journal of Legal Studies , 195-200.
  • Cahill, Gerard A. and Goldberg, Fred (1993), ‘Life Insurance as an Offset to Economic Loss in Wrongful Death Cases: A Note’, 6 Journal of Forensic Economics , 277-279.
  • Cahill, Gerard A. and Goldberg, Gerald F. (1995), ‘Life Insurance as an Offset to Economic Loss in Wrongful Death Cases: A Reply’, 8 Journal of Forensic Economics , 91 ff.
  • Calabresi, Guido (1970), The Costs of Accidents: A Legal and Economic Analysis , New Haven, Yale University Press, 340 p.
  • Calfee, John E. and Craswell, Richard (1984), ‘Some Effects of Uncertainty on Compliance with Legal Standards’, 70 Virginia Law Review , 965-1003.
  • Calfee, John E. and Rubin, Paul H. (1992), ‘Some Implications of Damage Payments for Nonpecuniary Losses’, 21 Journal of Legal Studies , 371-411.
  • Calfee, John E. and Winston, Clifford (1993), ‘The Consumer Welfare Effects of Liability for Pain and Suffering: An Exploratory Analysis’, 1 Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: Microeconomics , 133-196.
  • Caragonne, Penelope (1993), ‘The Use of the Berla Scale in Quantifying Hedonic Damages: A Case Management Perspective’, 7 Journal of Forensic Economics , 47-67.
  • Carter, R.A.L. and Palmer, John P. (1991), ‘Real Rates, Expected Rates, and Damage Awards’, 20 Journal of Legal Studies , 439-462.
  • Chapman, Bruce (1987), ‘Pensions, Sex Discrimination, and the Value of Life after Death’, 7 International Review of Law and Economics , 193-214.
  • Ciecka, James E. (1994), ‘A Survey of the Structure and Duration of Time Periods for Lost Earnings Calculations’, 4 Journal of Forensic Economics , 39-50.
  • Clarke, Karen A. and Ogus, Anthony I. (1978), ‘What Is a Wife Worth?’, 5 British Journal of Law and Society , 1-25.
  • Clermont, K.N. and Eisenberg, Theodore, ‘Trial by Jury or Judge: Transcending Empiricism’, 77 Cornell Law Review , 1124 ff.
  • Cohen, Lloyd R. (1985), ‘Toward an Economic Theory of the Measurement of Damages in a Wrongful Death Action’, 34 Emory Law Journal , 295-340.
  • Cohen, Mark A. (1987), ‘Optimal Enforcement Strategy to Prevent Oil Spills: An Application of a Principal-Agent Model with Moral Hazard’, 30 Journal of Law and Economics , 23-51.
  • Conley, Brian C. (1976), ‘The Value of Life in the Demand for Safety’, 66 American Economic Review , 45-65.
  • Conley, Brian C. (1978), ‘The Value of Human Life in the Demand for Safety: Extension and Reply’, 68 American Economic Review , 717-720.
  • Cook, Philip J. (1978), ‘The Value of Human Life in the Demand for Safety: Comment’, 68 American Economic Review , 710-711.
  • Cook, Philip J. and Graham, Daniel A. (1977), ‘The Demand for Insurance and Protection: The Case of Irreplaceable Commodities’, 91 Quarterly Journal of Economics , 143-156.
  • Cooper, Russell and Ross, Thomas W. (1985), ‘Product Warranties and Double Moral Hazard’, 16 Rand Journal of Economics , 103-113.
  • Cooter, Robert D. (1985), ‘Prices and Sanctions’, 84 Columbia Law Review , 1523-1560.
  • Cooter, Robert D. (1989), ‘Towards A Market in Unmatured Tort Claims’, 75 University of Virginia Law Review , 383-411.
  • Cooter, Robert D. (1989), ‘Punitive Damages for Deterrence: When and How Much?’, 40 Alabama Law Review , 1143-1196.
  • Cooter, Robert D. and Sugarman, Stephen D. (1988), ‘A Regulated Market in Unmatured Tort Claims: Tort Reform by Contract’, in Olson, Walter (ed.), New Directions in Liability Law , New York, The Academy of Political Science, 174-185.
  • Cooter, Robert D. and Sugarman, Steve (1988), ‘A Regulated Market for Unmatured Tort Claims: Tort Reform by Contract’, in Olson, Walter (ed.), New Directions in Liability Law , New York, The Academy of Political Science, 174-185.
  • Coyne, Thomas Joseph (1982), ‘Present Value of Future Earnings: A Sensible Alternative to Simplistic Methodologies’, 49 Insurance Counsel Journal , 25-31.
  • Craswell, Richard (1996), ‘Damage Multipliers in Market Relationships’, 25 Journal of Legal Studies , 463-492.
  • Craswell, Richard and Calfee, John E. (1986), ‘Deterrence and Uncertain Legal Standards’, 2 Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization , 279-303.
  • Creedy, J. (1988), ‘Taxation and Compensation to Dependents of Accident Victims’, 8 International Review of Law and Economics , 85-95.
  • Creedy, John (1988), ‘Taxation and Compensation to Dependents of Accident Victims’, 8 International Review of Law and Economics , 85-95.
  • Croley, Steven P. and Hanson, Jon D. (1991), ‘What Liability Crisis? An Alternative Explanation for Recent Events in Products Liability’, 8 Yale Journal on Regulation , 1-111.
  • Croley, Steven P. and Hanson, Jon D. (1995), ‘The Nonpecuniary Costs of Accidents: Pain and-Suffering Damages in Tort Law’, 108 Harvard Law Review , 1785-1917.
  • Danzon, Patricia M. (1984), ‘Tort Reform and the Role of Governement in Private Insurance Markets’, 13 Journal of Legal Studies , 517-549.
  • Danzon, Patricia M. (1985), Medical Malpractice: Theory, Evidence, and Public , Cambridge (MA), Harvard University Press, 264 p.
  • Darbis, Rachel (1980), ‘The Value of a Life: New Evidence from the Marketplace’, 70 American Economic Review , 1077-1082.
  • Darvish, Tikva and Kahana, Nava (1987), ‘The Nature of Utility in Jewish Law’, 7 International Review of Law and Economics , 127-131.
  • Depperschmidt, Thomas O. (1994), ‘Unintended Consequences and Perverse Effects in Forensic Economic Award Calculations’, 4 Journal of Legal Economics , 65-72.
  • Diamond, Peter A. (1974), ‘Single Activity Accidents’, 3 Journal of Legal Studies , 107-164.
  • Dickens, William T. (1990), ‘Assuming the Can Opener: Hedonic Estimates and the Value of Life’, 3 Journal of Forensic Economics , 51-60.
  • Dulaney, Ronald A. (1991), ‘Estimating Decedents’ Consumption Expenditures in Wrongful Death Actions: Some Refinements’, 1 Journal of Legal Economics , 94-98.
  • Durham, Stephan E. (1993), ‘The Correct Value of Social Security Contributions in Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Settlements: A Comment’, 6 Journal of Forensic Economics , 151-152.
  • Easterbrook, Frank H., Landes, William M. and Posner, Richard A. (1980), ‘Contribution among Antitrust Defendants: A Legal and Economic Analysis’, 23 Journal of Law and Economics , 331-370.
  • Eide, Erling (1982), ‘Kapitaliseringsrente ved Personskadeerstatning. Kritikk av en Dom i H¿yesterett (Capitalization Interest Rates in Personal Injury Compensation. A Critique of a Supreme Court Verdict)’, Lov og Rett. Norsk Juridisk Tidsskrift , 30-42.
  • Eide, Erling (1982), ‘Kapitaliseringsrente ved personskadeerstatning: Kritikk av en dom i H¢yesterett (The discount rate for compensatory damages: Critique of a High Court decision)’, 1 Lov og Rett , 29-42.
  • Eide, Erling (1983), ‘Realbeskatning og nominalismen i norsk rett (Real tax rates and nominalism in Norwegian law)’, 6 Sosial¢konomen , 5-10.
  • Eide, Erling (1984), ‘Renter og Verdisikring av Pengekrav (Interest Rates and Security against Inflation in Monetary Claims)’, 97 Tidsskrift for Rettsvitenskap , 477-533.
  • Lipnowski, Irwin F. (1979), ‘The Economist’s Approach to Assessing Compensation for Accident Victims’, 9 Manitoba Law Journal , 319-333.
  • Markowski, Edward P. and Cross, Edward M. (1991), ‘Determination of Tax-Adjusted Lost Income Awards: Reply’, 1 Journal of Legal Economics , 103-104.
  • Markowski, Edward P. and Cross, Edward M. (1991), ‘Determination of Tax-Adjusted Lost Income Awards’, 1 Journal of Legal Economics , 11-18.
  • Marshall, Jennings B. and Lee, John T. (1991), ‘Achieving Optimality in Wrongful Death Awards’, 1 Journal of Legal Economics , 31-37.
  • McCaffery, Edward J., Kahneman, Daniel and Spitzer, Matthew L. (1995), ‘Framing the Jury: Cognitive Perspectives on Pain and Suffering Awards’, 81 Virginia Law Review , 1341-1420.
  • McIntyre, David C. (1987), ‘Note: Tortfeasor Liability for Disaster Response Costs: Accounting for the True Cost of Accidents’, 55 Fordham Law Review , 1001 ff.
  • Metcalf, Robert (1992), ‘Loss of Enjoyment, Rehabilitation and Hedonic Damages: A Comment’, 5 Journal of Forensic Economics , 249 ff.
  • Miceli, Thomas J. and Segerson, Kathleen (1995), ‘Defining Efficient Care: The Role of Income Distribution’, 24 Journal of Legal Studies , 189-208.
  • Miller, Ted R. (1989), ‘Willingness to Pay Comes of Age: Will the System Survive?’, 83 Northwestern University Law Review , 876-907.
  • Miller, Ted R. (1990), ‘The Plausible Range for the Value of Life — Red Herrings Among the Mackerel’, 3 Journal of Forensic Economics , 17-40.
  • Ministerie Van Justitie (1978), Rapport van de Studiegroep Verkeersaansprakelijkheid, Deel I, Vergoeding van schade door dood en letsel (Report of the Commission Traffic Liability, Part I, Compensation of Damages through Death and Injury]) , s-Gravenhage, Staatsuitgeverij, 1978 p.
  • Ministerie Van Justitie (1980), Rapport van de Studiegroep Verkeersaansprakelijkheid, Deel II, Vergoeding van zaakschade (Report of the Commission Traffic Liability, Part I, Compensation of Damages Caused to Things]) , s-Gravenhage, Staatsuitgeverij, 1980 p.
  • Mishan, Ezra J. (1971), ‘Evaluation of Life and Limb: A Theoretical Approach’, 79 Journal of Political Economy , 687-705.
  • Mishan, Ezra J. (1981), ‘The Value of Trying to Value Life’, 15 Journal of Public Economics , 133-137.
  • Mishan, Ezra J. (1982), ‘Recent Contributions to the Literature of Life Valuation: A Critical Assessment’, in Jones-Lee, M.W., (ed.), The Value of Life and Safety , Chicago (IL): University of Chicago Press, 81-94.
  • Moller, Eric (1996), Trends in Civil Jury Verdicts Since 1985 , Santa Monica, Institute for Civil Justice, Rand Corporation.
  • Mooney, G. (1977), The Valuation of Human Life , London, MacMillan.
  • Moore, Michael J. and Viscusi, W. Kip (1988), ‘Doubling the Estimated Value of Life: Results Using New Occupational Fatality Data’, 7 Journal of Policy Analysis and Management , 476-490.
  • O’Connell, Jeffrey and Simon, R.J. (1972), Payment for Pain and Suffering , lllinois, Insurors Press.
  • Olson, Craig A. (1981), ‘An Analysis of Wage Differentials Received by Workers on Dangerous Jobs’, 16 Journal of Human Resources , 167-185.
  • Ott, Claus and SchŠfer, Hans-Bernd (1986), ‘BegrŸndung und Bemessung des Schadensersatzes wegen entganger Sachnutzung (Foundation and Rating of the Compensation for Damage Because of Lost Utility of Property)’, 7 Zeitschrift fŸr Wirtschaftsrecht , 613-624.
  • Pacey, Patricia L. (1985), ‘Measures of Economic Loss in the Wrongful Death of a Child’, 14 Colorado Lawyer , 392-402.
  • Parisi, Francesco and Ricci, Paolo F. (1991), ‘Environmental Policy in the 1990s : Review Essay’, 18 Ecology Law Quarterly , 459-484.
  • Patell, James, M., Weil, Roman L. and Wolfson, Mark A. (1982), ‘Accumulating Damages in Litigation: The Roles of Uncertainty and Interest Rates’, 11 Journal of Legal Studies , 341-364.
  • Piette, Michael J. and Thornton, Janet R. (1994), ‘Using New Labor Force Participation Rates When Computing Economic Damage and Loss: A Methodological Note’, 4 Journal of Legal Economics , 81-88.
  • Plummer, James L. (1995), ‘The Cost of Substitute Consumption Activities: A Better Alternative Than Hedonic Damages’, 8 Journal of Forensic Economics , 159-165.
  • Png, Ivan Paak-Liang and Zolt, Eric M. (1989), ‘Efficient Deterrence and the Tax Treatment of Monetary Sanctions’, 9 International Review of Law and Economics , 209-217.
  • Polinsky, A. Mitchell (1980), ‘Strict Liability Versus Negligence in a Market Setting’, 70 American Economic Review , 363-367.
  • Polinsky, A. Mitchell and Che, Yeon-Koo (1991), ‘Decoupling Liability: Optimal Incentives for Care and Litigation’, 22(4) Rand Journal of Economics , 562-570.
  • Polinsky, A. Mitchell and Rogerson, William P. (1983), ‘Product Liability, Consumer Misperceptions, and Market Power’, 14 Bell Journal of Economics , 581-589.
  • Polinsky, A. Mitchell and Rubinfeld, Daniel L. (1988), ‘The Welfare Effects of Costly Litigation for the Level of Liability’, 17 Journal of Legal Studies , 151-164.
  • Polinsky, A. Mitchell and Rubinfeld, Daniel L. (1993), ‘Sanctioning Frivolous Suits: An Economic Analysis’, 82(2) Georgetown Law Journal , 397-435.
  • Polinsky, A. Mitchell and Rubinfeld, Daniel L. (1996), ‘Optimal Awards and Penalties When the Probability of Prevailing Varies Among Plaintiffs’, 27(2) Rand Journal of Economics , 269-280.
  • Polinsky, A. Mitchell and Shavell, Steven (1998), ‘Punitive Damages: An Economic Analysis’, 111 Harvard Law Review , 869-962.
  • Polinsky, Mitchell A. and Shavell, Steven (1994), ‘Should Liability be Based on the Harm to the Victim or the Gain to the Injurer?’, 10 Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization , 427-437.
  • Posner, Richard A. (1992), Economic Analysis of Law , Boston, Little Brown.
  • Priest, George L. (1981), ‘A Theory of the Consumer Product Warranty’, 90 Yale Law Journal , 1297-1352. Reprinted in Goldberg, Victor P. (ed.), Readings in the Economics of Contract Law, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1989, 174-184.
  • Priest, George L. (1987), ‘The Current Insurance Crisis and Modern Tort Law’, 96 Yale Law Journal , 1521-1590.
  • Priest, George L. (1988), ‘Understanding the Liability Crisis’, in Olson, Walter (ed.), New Directions in Liability Law , New York, The Academy of Political Science.
  • Priest, George L. (1992), ‘Can Absolute Manufacturer Liability Be Defended?’, 9(1) Yale Journal on Regulation , 237-263.
  • Prinzinger, Joseph M. (1993), ‘A Valuation of a Generic Child: The Investment Approach’, 6 Journal of Forensic Economics , 121-134.
  • Pryor, Ellen Smith (1993), ‘The Tort Law Debate, Efficiency, and the Kingdom of Ill: A Critique of the Insurance Theory of Compensation’, 79 Virginia Law Review , 91-152.
  • Quah, Euston and Rieber, William J. (1989), ‘Value of Children in Compensation for Wrongful Death’, 9 International Review of Law and Economics , 165-179.
  • Rabin, Robert L. (1985), ‘Tort Recovery for Negligently Inflicted Economic Loss: A Reassessment’, 37 Stanford Law Review , 1513-1538.
  • Raes, Koen (1988), ‘Onrechtmatige daad en de markt van pijn en smart (Tort and the Market for Pain and Sorrow)’, Recht en Kritiek , 102-125.
  • Ramseyer, J. Mark and Minoru Nakazato (1989), ‘The Rational Litigant: Settlement Amounts and Verdict Rates in Japan’, 18 Journal of Legal Studies , 263 ff.
  • Rea, Samuel A., Jr. (1980), ‘Inflation, Taxation and Damage Assessment’, 58 Canadian Bar Review , 280-298.
  • Rea, Samuel A., Jr. (1981), ‘Lump Sum Versus Periodic Damage Awards’, 10 Journal of Legal Studies , 131-154.
  • Rea, Samuel A., Jr. (1982), ‘Nonpecuniary Loss and Breach of Contract’, 11 Journal of Legal Studies , 35-53.
  • Rea, Samuel A., Jr. (1982), ‘Inflation and the Law of Contracts and Torts’, 14 Ottawa Law Review , 465-480.
  • Rea, Samuel A., Jr. (1990), ‘Taxation, the Standard of Care, and Damage Awards’, 10 International Review of Law and Economics , 285-292.
  • Rizzo, Mario J. (1982), ‘A Theory of Economic Loss in the Law of Torts’, 11 Journal of Legal Studies , 281-310.
  • Rodgers, Gregory B. (1993), ‘Estimating Jury Compensation for Pain and Suffering in Product Liability Cases Involving Nonfatal Personal Injury’, 6 Journal of Forensic Economics , 251 ff.
  • Rogers, Walter B., Fayissa, Bichaka and Balch, B.W. (1991), ‘Variations in the economic estimation of personal injury and wrongful death claims’, 1 Journal of Legal Economics , 81-88.
  • Rossello, Carlo (1990), Il danno evitabile. La misura della responsabilitˆ tra diligenza ed efficienza (Avoidable Damage: The Measure of Liability Between Due Care and Efficiency) , Padova, CEDAM, 320 p.
  • Rubin, Paul H. (1993), Tort Reform By Contract , Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.
  • Rubin, Paul H. (1996), ‘The Pitfalls of Hedonic Value Use’, 16/1/’96 National Law Journal , 15-16.
  • Rubin, Paul H. and Calfee, John E. (1992), ‘Consequences of Damage Awards for Hedonic and Other Nonpecuniary Losses’, 5 Journal of Forensic Economics , 249-260.
  • Rubinfeld, Daniel L. (1984), ‘On Determining the Optimal Magnitude and Length of Liability in Torts’, 13 Journal of Legal Studies , 551-563.
  • Salop, Steven (1977), ‘The Noisy Monopolist: Imperfect Information, Price Dispersion, and Price Discrimination’, 44 Review of Economic Studies , 393 ff.
  • SchŠfer, Hans-Bernd and Ott, Claus (1990), ‘Schmerzengeld bei Kšrperverletzungen. Eine …konomische Analyse (Damages for Pain and Suffering)’, Juristenzeitung , 563-573.
  • Schelling, Thomas C. (1968), ‘The Life You Save May Be Your Own’, in Chase, S., (ed.), Problems in Public Expenditure Analysis , Washington D.C.: Brookings Institute.
  • Schenk, David J. (1995), ‘Contingent valuation: A critical assessment’, 33 Journal of Economic Literature , 236-237.
  • Schieren, George A. (1994), ‘Taxes and Present Value Awards for Wrongful Death’, 7 Journal of Forensic Economics , 293-304.
  • Schieren, George A. (1994), ‘On Using Minimum-Cost Portfolios to Determine Present Value’, 4 Journal of Legal Economics , 47-59.
  • Schuck, Peter H. (1990), ‘Scheduled Damages and Insurance Contracts for Future Services: A Comment on Blumstein, Bovbjerg and Sloan’, 8 Yale Journal on Regulation , 213-221.
  • Schwartz, Alan (1985), ‘Products Liability, Corporate Structure, and Bankruptcy: Toxic Substances and the Remote Risk Relationship’, 14 Journal of Legal Studies , 689-736.
  • Schwartz, Alan (1988), ‘Proposals for Products Liability Reform: A Theoretical Synthesis’, 97 Yale Law Journal , 353-419.
  • Schwartz, Alan (1989), ‘Commentary on “Towards a Market in Unmatured Tort Claims”: A Long Way Yet to Go’, 75 Virginia Law Review , 423-430.
  • Schwartz, Alan and Wilde, Louis (1983), ‘Imperfect Information in Markets for Contract Terms: The Examples of Warranties and Security Interests’, 69 Virginia Law Review , 1387-1485.
  • Schwartz, Alan and Wilde, Louis (1985), ‘Product Quality and Imperfect Information’, 52 Review of Economic Studies , 251-262.
  • Schwartz, Gary (1996), ‘The Economic Loss Doctrine in American Tort Law: Assessing the Recent Experience’, in Banakas, Efstathios, (ed.), Civic Liability for Pure Economic Loss , London, Kluwer Law International, 103-130.
  • Schwartz, Gary T. (1986), ‘Economic Loss in American Tort Law: The Examples of J’Aire and of Products Liability’, 23 San Diego Law Review , 37-78.
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