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Encyclopedia of Law & Economics – 3100 Strict Liability v. Negligence (incl. Contributory v Comparative Negligence)

  • Adams, Michael (1985), …konomische Analyse der Verschuldens- und GefŠhrdungshaftung , R. v. Decker’s/ C.F. MŸller.
  • Adams, Michael (1985), …konomische Analyse des GefŠhrdungs- und Verschuldenshaftung (Economic Analysis of Strict and Fault Liability) , Heidelberg, R.v Decker’s/C.F. MŸller, 310 p.
  • Alpa, Guido (1976), ‘Colpa E Responsabilitˆ Oggettiva Nella Prospettiva Dell Analisi Economica Del Diritto (Negligence and Strict Liability In An Eal Perspective)’, Politica del diritto , 431-448.
  • Bakker, B.B. and Sterks, C.G.M. (1988), ‘Optimal Legal Standards in Negligence Based Liability Rules’, 136 De Economist , 383-400.
  • Barnes, David W. and Stout, Lynn A. (1992), Economic Analysis of Tort Law , West Publishing.
  • Ben-Shahar, Omri and Von Randow, Philipp (1993), Liability Rules and the Informational Content of Victims’ Protection Measures , Discussion Paper, Program in Law and Economics, Harvard Law School, No. 127.
  • Boyd, James (1994), ‘Risk, Liability and Monopoly’, 3 International Journal of the Economics of Business .
  • Boyer, Marcel and Dionne, Georges (1985), ‘SŽcuritŽ routire: responsabilitŽ pour nŽgligence et tarification (Road Safety: Responsibility for Negligence and Pricing)’, 18 Canadian Journal of Economics , 814-830.
  • Brown, John Prather (1973), ‘Toward an Economic Theory of Liability’, 2 Journal of Legal Studies , 323-350.
  • Burrows, Paul (1982), ‘Idealised Negligence, Strict Liability and Deterrence’, 2 International Review of Law and Economics , 165-172.
  • Cabrillo, Francisco (1994), ‘Industrializaci—n y Derecho de da–os en la Espa–a del siglo XIX (Industrialization and Tort Law in XIXth Century Spain)’, XII-3 Revista de Historia Econ—mica , 591-609.
  • Cafaggi, Fabrizio (1995), ‘La nozione di difetto ed il ruolo dell’informazione. Per l’adozione di un modello dinamico-relazionale di difetto in una prospettiva di riforma’, Rivista critica del diritto privato , 447-480.
  • Cafaggi, Fabrizio (1995), ‘La nozione di difetto ed il ruolo dell’informazione. Per l’adozione di un modello dinamico-relazionale di difetto in una prospettiva di riforma (The notion of defect and the role of information. For the adoption of a dynamic-relational model of defect in a perspective of reform)’, Rivista critica del diritto privato , 447 ff.
  • Cafaggi, Fabrizio (1996), Profili della colpa relazionale (Outlines of relational fault) , Padova, CEDAM.
  • Cafaggi, Fabrizio (1996), Profili della colpa relazionale (Outlines of relational fault) , Padova, CEDAM.
  • Calabresi, Guido (1965), ‘The Decision for Accidents: An Approach to Non-Fault Allocation for Costs’, 78 Harvard Law Review , 713-745.
  • Calabresi, Guido and Hirschoff, Jon T. (1972), ‘Toward a Test for Strict Liability in Tort’, 81 Yale Law Journal , 1054-1085. Reprinted in Rabin, Robert L. (ed.), Perspectives on Tort Law, Boston, Little Brown, 1983, 192-212.
  • Calfee, John E. and Craswell, Richard (1984), ‘Some Effects of Uncertainty on Compliance with Legal Standards’, 70 Virginia Law Review , 965-1003.
  • Centner, Terence J. (1989), ‘Groundwater Quality Regulation: Implications for Agricultural Operations’, 15 Hamline Law Review , 589-605.
  • Centner, Terence J. (1990), ‘Blameless Contamination: New State Legislation Regulating Liability for Agricultural Chemicals in Groundwater’, 45 Journal of Soil and Water Conservation , 216-220.
  • Centner, Terence J. and Wetzstein, Michael E. (1992), ‘Agricultural Pesticide Contamination of Groundwater: Developing a ‘Right-to-Spray Law’ for Blameless Contamination’, 14 Journal of Agricultural Taxation and Law , 38-52.
  • Chapman, Bruce (1990), ‘Punitive Damages as Aggravated Damages: The Case of Contract’, 16 Canadian Business Law Journal , 269-280.
  • Chelius, James R. (1976), ‘Liability for Industrial Accidents: A Comparison of Negligence and Strict Liability Systems’, 5 Journal of Legal Studies , 293-309.
  • Clerico, Giuseppe (1995), ‘Prodotto difettoso e responsabilitˆ del danno: i dilemmi della scelta pubblica (Defective product and liability for damages: the dilemma of the public choice)’, Economia Pubblica , 25-70.
  • Clerico, Giuseppe (1996), ‘Produzione e rischio di danni: regolamentazione pubblica versus regole di responsabilitˆ (Production and risk of damages: public regulation vs. liability rules)’, Economia e diritto del terziario , 491-518.
  • Cooter, Robert D., Kornhauser, Lewis A. and Lane, D. (1979), ‘Liability Rules and Accidents: Some Results Regarding Limited Information and Public Bads’, Bell Journal of Economics , 366 ff.
  • Craswell, Richard and Calfee, John E. (1986), ‘Deterrence and Uncertain Legal Standards’, 2 Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization , 279-303.
  • Epstein, Richard A. (1973), ‘A Theory of Strict Liability’, 2 Journal of Legal Studies , 151-204.
  • Epstein, Richard A. (1974), ‘Defenses and Subsequent Pleas in a System of Strict Liability’, 3 Journal of Legal Studies , 165-215.
  • Faure, Michael G. and Skogh, Gšran (1992), ‘Compensation for damages caused by nuclear accidents: A convention as insurance’, Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance , 499-513.
  • Faure, Michael G. and Van den Bergh, Roger (1987), ‘Effici‘nties van het foutcriterium in het Belgisch aansprakelijkheidsrecht (Efficiencies of the Fault Criterion in Belgian Liability Law)’, 51 Rechtskundig Weekblad , 11-19.
  • Faure, Michael G. and Van den Bergh, Roger (1987), ‘Negligence, Strict Liability and Regulation of Safety under Belgian Law: An Introductory Economic Analysis’, 12 Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance , 95-114.
  • Frech, H. Edward III (1994), ‘State-dependent Utility and the Tort System as Insurance: Strict Liability versus Negligence’, 14 International Review of Law and Economics , 261-272.
  • Gallo, Paolo (1993), ‘Appunti in tema di colpevolezza, colpa soggettiva ed efficienza economica (in occasione di alcune recenti pubblicazioni) (Notes about liability, subjective fault and economic efficiency on the occasion of some recent publications)’, Quadrimestre , 712-732.
  • Gilles, Stephen G. (1992), ‘Rule Based Negligence and the Regulation of Activity Levels’, 21 Journal of Legal Studies , 319-363.
  • Goldberg, Victor P. (1994), ‘Litigation Costs under Strict Liability and Negligence’, 16 Research in Law and Economics , 1-15.
  • Grady, Mark F. (1983), ‘A New Positive Economic Theory of Negligence’, 92 Yale Law Journal , 799-829.
  • Grady, Mark F. (1988), ‘Why Are People Negligent?: Technology, Nondurable Precautions, and the Medical Malpractice Explosion’, 82 Northwestern University Law Review , 293 ff.
  • Grady, Mark F. (1992), ‘Better Medicine Causes More Lawsuits, and New Administrative Courts Will Not Solve the Problem: Review of Medical Malpractice on Trial by Paul C. Weiler’, 86 Northwestern University Law Review , 1068 ff.
  • Grady, Mark F. (1994), ‘Res Ipsa Loquitur and Compliance Error’, 142 University of Pennsylvania Law Review , 887 ff. Reprinted in Rabin, Robert L. Perspectives on Tort Law, 1995.
  • Hasen, Richard L. (1990), ‘Comment, Efficiency Under Informational Asymmetry: The Effect of Framing on Legal Rules’, 38 UCLA Law Review , 391 ff.
  • Hylton, Keith N. (1990), ‘The Influence of Litigation Costs on Deterrence under Strict Liability and under Negligence’, 10 International Review of Law and Economics , 161-171.
  • Hylton, Keith N. (1990), ‘Costly Litigation and Legal Error under Negligence’, 6 Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization , 433-452.
  • Hylton, Keith N. (1993), ‘Litigation Cost Allocation Rules and Compliance with the Negligence Standard’, 22 Journal of Legal Studies , 457-476.
  • Johnston, Jason Scott (1987), ‘Bayesian Fact-Binding and Efficiency: Toward an Economic Theory of Liability Under Uncertainty’, 61 Southern California Law Review , 137 ff.
  • Kahan, Marcel (1989), ‘Causation and Incentives to Take Care under the Negligence Rule’, 18 Journal of Legal Studies , 427-447.
  • Kobayashi, Bruce H. (1996), ‘Strict Liability, Gun Control, and Sin Taxes’, in Shughart, William F. II (ed.), Taxing Choice: The Political Economy of Fiscal Discrimination , New Brunswick (NJ), Transaction Publishers.
  • Lando, Henrik (1996), HvornŒr b¢r objektivt ansvar g¾lde? Det rets¢konomiske bud pŒ et s¾t af kriterier for objketivt ansvar (When Should Strict Liability Apply? The Law-and-Economics Answer) , Working Paper.
  • Lee, Gary L. (1981), ‘Strict Liability versus Negligence: An Economic Analysis of the Law of Libel’, Brigham Young University Law Review , 398-406.
  • Levmore, Saul (1986), ‘Rethinking Comparative Law: Variety and Uniformity in Ancient and Modern Tort Law’, 31 Tulane Law Review , 235-287.
  • Low, Stuart and Smith, Janet Kiholm (1992), ‘The Relationship of Alternative Negligence Defense Rules to Ligitation Behavior and Tort Claim Disposition’, 17 Law and Social Inquiry , 63-87.
  • Low, Stuart and Smith, Janet Kiholm (1995), ‘Decisions to Retain Attorneys and File Lawsuits: An Examination of the Comparative Negligence Rule in Accident Law’, 24 Journal of Legal Studies , 535-557.
  • Newman, Harry A. and Wright, David W. (1990), ‘Strict Liability in a Principal-Agent Model’, 10 International Review of Law and Economics , 219-231.
  • Ott, Claus and SchŠfer, Hans-Bernd (1997), ‘Negligence as Untaken Precaution, Limited Information, and Efficient Standard Formation in the Civil Liability System’, 17 International Review of Law and Economics , 15-29.
  • Page, Talbot (1987), ‘On Strict Liability: Reply to Hausman and to Schwartz’, 97 Ethics , 817-820.
  • Parisi, Francesco (1993), ‘Learned Hand formula of negligence’, 10 Digesto civile , 436-443. Materiali di Economia e Diritto, 285-292 (Universitˆ di Roma La Sapienza, 1997)
  • Perry, Stephen R. (1988), ‘The Impossibility of General Strict Liability’, 1 Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence , 147-171.
  • Polinsky, A. Mitchell (1980), ‘Strict Liability Versus Negligence in a Market Setting’, 70 American Economic Review , 363-367.
  • Polinsky, Mitchell A. (1980), ‘Strict Liability vs. Negligence in a Market Setting’, 70(2) American Economic Review. Papers and Proceedings , 363-367.
  • Posner, Richard A. (1972), ‘A Theory of Negligence’, 1 Journal of Legal Studies , 29-96.
  • Posner, Richard A. (1973), ‘Strict Liability: A Comment’, 2 Journal of Legal Studies , 205-221.
  • Posner, Richard A. (1979), ‘Epstein’s Tort Theory: A Critique’, 8 Journal of Legal Studies , 457-475.
  • Rabin, Robert L. (1981), ‘The Historical Development of the Fault Principle: A Reinterpretation’, 15 Georgia Law Review , 925 ff. Reprinted in Rabin, Robert L. (ed.), Perspectives on Tort Law, Boston, Little Brown, 1983, 44-70.
  • Ramseyer, J. Mark and Minoru Nakazato (1989), ‘The Rational Litigant: Settlement Amounts and Verdict Rates in Japan’, 18 Journal of Legal Studies , 263 ff.
  • Rizzo, Mario J. (1980), ‘Law amid Flux: The Economics of Negligence and Strict Liability in Tort’, 9 Journal of Legal Studies , 291-318.
  • Schwartz, Gary T. (1982), ‘Tort Law and the Economy in Nineteenth-Century America: A Reinterpretation’, 90 Yale Law Journal , 1717-1775.
  • Schwartz, Gary T. (1989), ‘Objective and Subjective Standards of Negligence: Defining the Reasonable Person to Induce Optimal Care and Optimal Populations of Injurers and Victims’, 78 Georgetown Law Journal , 241-279.
  • Schwartz, Gary T. (1992), ‘The Beginning and the Possible End of the Rise of Modern American Tort Law’, 26 Georgia Law Review , 601-702.
  • Schwartz, Gary T. (1993), ‘Waste, Fraud, and Abuse in Workers’ Compensation: the Recent California Experience’, 52 Maryland Law Review , 983-1015.
  • Schwartz, Gary T. (1996), ‘Weaver v. Ward’, 74 Texas Law Review , 1271-1275.
  • Schwartz, Warren F. (1988), ‘Objective and Subjective Standards of Negligence: Defining the Reasonable Person to Induce Optimal Care and Optimal Populations of Injurers and Victims’, 76 Georgetown Law Journal , 241 ff.
  • Shavell, Steven (1980), ‘Strict Liability versus Negligence’, 9 Journal of Legal Studies , 1-25.
  • Simon, Marilyn J., Wolf, Robert G. and Perloff, Jeffrey M. (1985), ‘Product Safety, Liability Rules and Retailer Bankruptcy’, 51(4) Southern Economic Journal , 1130-1141.
  • Sloan, Frank A., Reilly, Bridget A. and Schenzler, Christoph M. (1995), ‘Effects of Tort Liability and Insurance on Heavy Drinking and Drinking and Driving’, 38 Journal of Law and Economics , 49-77.
  • Smith, Steven D. (1984), ‘Rhetoric and Rationality in the Law of Negligence’, 69 Minnesota Law Review , 277-323.
  • Stout, Lynn A. and Barnes, David D. (1992), Economic Analysis of Tort Law , West Publishing.
  • Trimarchi, Pietro (1961), Rischio e responsabilitˆ oggettiva (Risk and Strict Liability) , Milano, Giuffr, 383 p.
  • Tullock, Gordon (1981), ‘Negligence Again’, 1 International Review of Law and Economics , 51 ff.
  • Vandall, Frank J. (1983), ‘Applying Strict Liability to Professionals: Economic and Legal Analysis’, 59 Indiana Law Journal , 25-64.
  • Vandall, Frank J. (1986), ‘Judge Posner’s Negligence-Efficiency Theory: A Critique’, 35 Emory Law Journal , 383-418.
  • Versteeg, John C. (1974), ‘Strict Liability and Judicial Resources’, 3 Journal of Legal Studies , 217-248.
  • Von Hippel, Eike (1978), ‘Prevention of Accidents and Compensation of Accident Victims’, in Skogh, Gšran (ed.), Law and Economics. Report from a Symposium in Lund , Lund, Juridiska Fšreningen, 211-221.
  • Von Randow, Philipp and Wehrt, Klaus (1989), ‘Comment: New Technologies, Liability Rules and Adaptive Behaviour’, in Faure, Michael and Van Den Bergh, Roger (eds.), Essays in Law and Economics. Corporations, Accident Prevention and Compensation for Losses , Antwerpen, Maklu, 107-116.
  • Wetzstein, Michael E. and Centner, Terence J. (1992), ‘Regulating Agricultural Contamination of Groundwater Through Strict Liability and Negligence Legislation’, 22 Journal of Environmental Economics and Management , 1-11.
  • Witt, Robert C. and Urrutia, Jorge (1983), ‘A Comparative Economic Analysis of Tort Liability and No-Fault Compensation Systems in Automobile Insurance’, 50(4) Journal of Risk and Insurance , 631-669.
  • Wittman, Donald A. (1986), ‘The Price of Negligence under Differing Liability Rules’, 29 Journal of Law and Economics , 151-163.
  • Zwier, Paul J. (1985), ‘The Consequentialist/Nonconsequentialist Ethical Distinction: A Tool for the Formal Appraisal of Traditional Negligence and Economic Tort Analysis’, 26 Boston College Law Review , 905-944.
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