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Encyclopedia of Law & Economics – 2400 Compulsory Insurance

  • Abraham, Kenneth S. (1986), Distributing Risk: Insurance, Legal Theory and Public Policy (in American Insurance Law) , New Haven, Yale University Press, 254 p.
  • Abraham, Kenneth S. (1990), ‘Products Liability Law and Insurance Profitability’, 19 Journal of Legal Studies , 837-844.
  • Alchian, Armand A. and Demsetz, Harold (1972), ‘Production, information costs, and economic organization’, 62 American Economic Review , 777-795.
  • Allen, R. F. (1974), ‘Cross Sectional Estimates of Cost Economies in Stock Property-Liability Companies’, LVI The Review of Economics and Statistics , 100-103.
  • Anderson, Elizabeth, Chrostowski, Paul and Vreeland, Judy (1989), ‘Risk Assessment Issues Associated With Cleaning up Inactive Hazardous Waste Sites’, 14 Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance , 104-119.
  • Arrow, Kenneth J. (1965), Aspects of the Theory of Risk-bearing , Helsinki, Yrjo Jahnsson Saatio.
  • Arrow, Kenneth J. (1974), ‘Optimal Insurance and Generalized Deductibles’, Scandinavian Actuarial Journal , 1-42.
  • Becker, Gary S. and Ehrlich, Isaac (1972), ‘Market Insurance, Self-insurance, and Self-protection’, 80 Journal of Political Economy , 623-648.
  • Benston, George J. and Smith, Clifford W. (1976), ‘A Transactions Cost Approach to the Theory of Financial Intermediation’, 31 Journal of Finance , 215-231.
  • Berger, Robert G. (1988), ‘The Impact of Tort Law Development on Insurance: The Availability/Affordability Crisis and Its Potential Solutions’, 37 American University Law Review , 285 ff.
  • Bongaerts, Jan C. and De Bivre, Aline (1987), ‘Insurance for Civil Liability for Marine Oil Pollution Damages’, 12 Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance , 145-157.
  • Borenstein, Severin (1989), ‘The Economics of Costly Risk Sorting in Competitive Insurance Markets’, 9 International Review of Law and Economics , 25-39.
  • Briys, Eric, Kahane, Yehuda and Kroll, Yoram (1988), ‘Voluntary Insurance Coverage, Compulsory Insurance, and Risky Riskless Portfolio Opportunities’, 55(4) Journal of Risk and Insurance , 713-722.
  • Bruce, Christopher J. (1984), ‘The Deterrent Effects of Automobile Insurance and Tort Law: A Survey of the Empirical Literature’, 6 Law and Policy , 67-100.
  • Buchholz, Wolfgang and Wiegard, Wolfgang (1992), ‘Allokative Uberlegungen zur Reform der Pflegevorsorge (With English summary) (Insurance against Nursing Risk: Some Efficiency Consideration)’, 209(56) Jahrbuch fŸr Nationalškonomie und Statistik , 441-457.
  • Bunni, N.G. (1986), Construction Insurance , London, Elsevier Applied Science Publishers LTD.
  • Chamberlin, John R. (1985), ‘Assessing the Fairness of Insurance Classifications’, 7 Research in Law and Economics , 65-87.
  • Cheek, Leslie (1989), ‘Insurance Issues Associated with Cleaning up Inactive Hazardous Waste Sites’, 14 Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance , 120-148.
  • Chu, C. Y. Cyrus and Qian, Yingy (1995), ‘Vicarious Liability under a Negligence Rule’, 15 International Review of Law and Economics , 305-322.
  • Coase, Ronald H. (1937), ‘The Nature of the Firm’, 4 Economica , 386-405. Reprinted in Kronman, Anthony T. and Posner, Richard A. (eds.), The Economics of Contract Law, Boston, Little Brown, 1979, 31-32.
  • Cook, Philip J. and Graham, Daniel A. (1977), ‘The Demand for Insurance and Protection: The Case of Irreplaceable Commodities’, 91 Quarterly Journal of Economics , 143-156.
  • Cummins, J. David, ‘Economies of Scale in Independent Insurance Agencies’, XLIV Journal of Risk and Insurance , 539-553.
  • Cummins, J. David and Weiss, Mary A. (1991), ‘The Effects of No Fault on Automobile Insurance Loss Costs’, 16 Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance , 20-38.
  • Dahlby, B. G. (1981), ‘Adverse Selection and Pareto Improvements through Compulsory Insurance’, 37(3) Public Choice , 547-548.
  • Danzon, Patricia M. (1984), ‘Tort Reform and the Role of Governement in Private Insurance Markets’, 13 Journal of Legal Studies , 517-549.
  • Danzon, Patricia M. (1990), ‘Alternative Liability Regimes for Medical Injuries’, 15 Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance , 3-21.
  • Deere, Donald R. (1989), ‘On the Potential for Private Insurers to Reduce the Inefficiencies of Moral Hazard’, 9 International Review of Law and Economics , 219-222.
  • Devlin, Rose Anne (1991), ‘Some Welfare Implications of No-Fault Automobile Insurance’, 10 International Review of Law and Economics , 193-205.
  • Dionne, Georges and Harrington, Scott E. (eds.) (1992), Foundations of Insurance Economics, Readings in Economics and Finance , Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Doherty, Neil A. (1985), Corporate Risk Management. A Financial Exposition , New York, McGraw-Hill.
  • Dong, W., Shah, H. and Wong, F. (1996), ‘A Rational Approach to Pricing of Catastrophe Insurance’, 12 Journal of Risk and Uncertainty , 201-218.
  • Endres, Alfred and Schwarze, Reimund (1991), ‘Allokationswirkungen einer Umwelt-Haftpflichtversicherung (Allocative Effects of an Environmental Liability Insurance)’, 14 Zeitschrift fŸr Umweltpolitik und Umweltrecht , 1-25.
  • Epstein, Richard A. (1984), ‘The Legal and Insurance Dynamics of Mass Tort Litigation’, 13 Journal of Legal Studies , 475-506.
  • Epstein, Richard A. (1996), ‘Catastrophic Responses to Catastrophic Risks’, 12 Journal of Risk and Uncertainty , 287-308.
  • Fama, Eugene F. (1990), ‘Contract Costs and Financing decision’, 1:2S Journal of Business , 75-91.
  • Faure, Michael G. (1990), ‘De verzekering van geldboeten bij zeewaterverontreiniging door olie (The Insurance of Fines with Respect to the Oil-Pol)’, in X (ed.), Grensoverschrijdend strafrecht. Opstellen , Arnhem, Gouda Quint, 203-221.
  • Faure, Michael G. and Van den Bergh, Roger (1989), ‘Compulsory Insurance for Professional Liability’, Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance , 308-330.
  • Faure, Michael G. and Van den Bergh, Roger (1990), ‘Liability for Nuclear Accidents in Belgium from an Interest Group Perspective’, 10 International Review of Law and Economics , 241-254.
  • Fenn, Paul T. (1987), ‘Evaluating Irreplaceable Loss: Some Implications for Insurance and Liability Rules’, 12 Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance , 158-167.
  • Fenn, Paul T. and Vlachonikolis, Ioannis (1990), ‘Bargaining Behaviour by Defendant Insurers: An Economic Model’, 15 Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance , 41-52.
  • Fischer, M.J. (1996), ‘Union Carbide’s Bhopal Incident: A Retrospective’, 12 Journal of Risk and Uncertainty , 257-269.
  • Fleming, John G. (1990), ‘The Insurance Crisis’, 24 University of British Columbia Law Review , 1-18.
  • Frech, H. Edward III (ed.) (1988), Health Care in America: The Political Economy of Hospitals and Health Insurance , San Francisco, Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy.
  • Friedman, B. (1974), ‘Risk Aversion and the Consumer Choice of Health Insurance Option’, 56 Review of Economics and Statistics , 209-214.
  • Goldberg, Victor P. (1994), ‘Recovery for Economic Loss following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill’, 23 Journal of Legal Studies , 1-39.
  • Gollier, Christian and Scarmure, Patrick (1994), ‘The Spillover Effect of Compulsory Insurance’, 19(1) Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance , 23-34.
  • Gravelle, Hugh S.E. (1991), ‘Insurance Law and Adverse Selecti on’, 11 International Review of Law and Economics , 23-45.
  • HŠgg, Gšran, P.T. (1994), ‘The Economics of Trust, Trust-Sensitive Contracts, and Regulation’, 14 International Review of Law and Economics , 437-451.
  • Halpern, Paul J. and Carr, Jack L. (1981), Liability Rules and Insurance Markets , Ottawa, Consumer and Corporate Affairs Canada.
  • Hansson, Ingemar and Skogh, Gšran (1987), ‘Moral Hazard and Safety Regulation’, 43 Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance , 132-144.
  • Higgins, Richard S. (1981), ‘Products Liability Insurance, Moral Hazard, and Contributory Negligence’, 10 Journal of Legal Studies , 111-130.
  • Hogan, Andrew J. and Audrey, Robert T. (1984), ‘Compulsory Insurance and Allocative Efficiency in Agriculture’, 51(2) Journal of Risk and Insurance , 342-348.
  • Holderness, Clifford G. (1990), ‘Liability Insurers as Corporate Monitors’, 10 International Review of Law and Economics , 115-129.
  • Johnson, William R. (1977), ‘Choice of Compulsory Insurance Schemes under Adverse Selection’, 31(0) Public Choice , 23-35.
  • Karrer, H. (1957), Elements of Credit Insurance. An International Survey , London, Sir Isaac Pitman.
  • Katzman, Martin T. (1987), ‘Environmental Risk Management Through Insurance’, 6 Cato Journal , 775-799.
  • Katzman, Martin T. (1988), ‘Pollution Liability Insurance and Catastrophic Environmental Risk’, 55 Journal of Risk and Insurance , 75-100.
  • Kehne, Jeffrey (1986), ‘Encouraging Safety Through Insurance-Based Incentives: Financial Responsibility for Hazardous Wastes’, 96 Yale Law Journal , 403-427.
  • Kunreuther, Howard (1966), ‘Mitigating Disaster Losses through Insurance’, 12 Journal of Risk and Uncertainty , 171-187.
  • Kunreuther, Howard (1987), ‘Problems and Issues of Environmental Liability Insurance’, 12 Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance , 180-197.
  • Kunzman, Steven A. (1985), ‘The Insurer as Surrogate Regulator of the Hazardous Waste Industry: Solution or Perversion’, 20 Forum , 169-188.
  • Lacey, N.J. (1988), ‘Recent Evidence on the Liability Crisis’, 55 Journal of Risk and Insurance , 499-508.
  • Lamb, R. P. (1995), ‘An Exposure-Based Analysis of Property-Liability Insurer Stock Values around Hurricane Andrew’, 62 Journal of Risk and Insurance , 111-123.
  • Landes, Elisabeth M. (1982), ‘Insurance, Liability, and Accidents: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation of the Effect of No-Fault Accidents’, 25 Journal of Law and Economics , 49-65.
  • Leland, Hayne E. and Pyle, D. J. (1977), ‘Informational Asymmetries, Financial Structure, and Financial Intermediation’, 32 Journal of Finance , 371-387.
  • Lindbeck, Assar (1994), ‘Overshooting, Reform and Retreat of the Welfare State’, 142(1) De Economist , 1-19.
  • Main, B.G. (1982), ‘Business Insurance and Large, Widely-held Corporations’, Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance , 237-247.
  • Main, B.G. (1983), ‘Why Large Corporations Purchase Property/Liability Insurance’, XXV California Management Review , 84-95.
  • Mayers, David and Smith, Clifford W., Jr. (1981), ‘Contractual Provisions, Organizational Structure, and Conflict Control in Insurance Markets’, 54 Journal of Business , 407-434.
  • Mayers, David and Smith, Clifford W., Jr. (1982), ‘On the Corporate Demand for Insurance’, 55 Journal of Business , 281-295.
  • Mayers, David and Smith, Clifford W., Jr. (1987), ‘Corporate Insurance and the Underinvestment Problem’, 1 Journal of Risk and Insurance , 45-54.
  • Nilsson, B. (1982), ‘Liability and Insurance for Damage Caused by Foreign Aircraft to Third Parties on the Surface — A possible New Approach to an Old Problem’, in Kean, A., (ed.), Essays in Air Law , Martinus Nijhoff.
  • O’Driscoll, Gerald P., Jr. (1987), ‘The Liability Crisis: A Law and Economics Analysis’, 0(11) Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Economic Review , 1-13.
  • Pashigian, B. Peter, Schkade. L.L. and Menefee G.H. (1966), ‘The Selection of an Optimal Deductible for a Given Insurance Policy’, 39 Journal of Business , 35-44.
  • Posey, Lisa Lipowski (1993), ‘Limited Liability and Incentives When Firms Can Inflict Damages Greater Than Net Worth’, 13 International Review of Law and Economics , 325-330.
  • Pozzo, Barbara (1996), Danno ambientale ed imputazione della responsabilit.. Esperienze giuridiche a confronto (Environmental damage and charge of liability. Legal experiences compared) , Milano, Giuffr.
  • Pozzo, Barbara (1996), Danno ambientale ed imputazione della responsabilitˆ. Esperienze giuridiche a confronto (Environmental damage and charge of liability. Legal experiences compared) , Milano, Giuffr.
  • Pratt, John W. (1964), ‘Risk aversion in the Small and in the Large’, 32 Econometrica .
  • Priest, George L. (1966), ‘The Government, the Market, and the Problem of Catastrophic Loss’, 12 Journal of Risk and Uncertainty , 219-237.
  • Priest, George L. (1985), ‘The Invention of Enterprise Liability: A Critical History of the Intellectual Foundations of Modern Tort Law’, 14 Journal of Legal Studies , 461-527.
  • Priest, George L. (1987), ‘The Current Insurance Crisis and Modern Tort Law’, 96 Yale Law Journal , 1521-1590.
  • Priest, George L. (1988), ‘Products Liability Law and the Accident Rate in Liability: Perspectives and Policy’, in Litan, Robert E. and Winston, Clifford (eds.), Liability: Perspectives and Policy , Washington, Brookings Institution, 184-222.
  • Rothschild, Michael and Stiglitz, Joseph E. (1976), ‘Equilibrium in Competitive Insurance Markets: An Essay on the Economics of Imperfect Information’, 90 Quarterly Journal of Economics , 629-649.
  • Rottenberg, Simon (1990), ‘Unintended Consequences: The Probable Effects of Mandated Medical Insurance’, 13(2) Regulation , 21-28.
  • Schmit, Joan T., ‘A New View of the Requisites of Insurability’, 53 Journal of Risk and Insurance , 320-329.
  • Schulenburg, J. Matthias Graf Von Der (1986), ‘Optimal Insurance Purchasing in the Presence of Compulsory Insurance and Uninsurable Risks’, 11 Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance , 5-16.
  • Shavell, Steven, An Economic Analysis of Accident Law , Harvard University Press.
  • Shavell, Steven (1979), ‘On Moral Hazard and Insurance’, 93 Quarterly Journal of Economics , 541-562.
  • Shavell, Steven (1982), ‘On Liability and Insurance’, 13 Bell Journal of Economics , 120-132.
  • Shavell, Steven (1986), ‘The Judgment Proof Problem’, 6 International Review of Law and Economics , 45-58.
  • Skogh, Gšran (1982), ‘Return to Scale in the Swedish Property-Liability Insurance Industry’, Journal of Risk and Insurance , 218-228.
  • Skogh, Gšran (1989), ‘Professional Liability Insurance in Scandinavia.The Liability of Accountants, Barristers and Estate Agents’, 14 Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance , 360-370.
  • Skogh, Gšran (1989), ‘The Transactions Costs of Insurance: Contracting Impediments and Costs’, 4 Journal of Risk and Insurance , 726-732.
  • Skogh, Gšran (1991), ‘Insurance and the Institutional Economics of Financial Intermediation’, 16 Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance , 59-72.
  • Skogh, Gšran (1997), Uncertainty, Mutual Risk-Sharing and the Evolution of Insurance, Department of Economics and the International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics , Lund University, Unpublished manuscript.
  • Skogh, Gšran and Lidgren, K. (1996), ‘Extended Producers Responsibility. Recycling Liability and Guarantee Funds’, 79 Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance , 170-181.
  • Sloan, Frank A., Reilly, Bridget A. and Schenzler, Christoph M. (1995), ‘Effects of Tort Liability and Insurance on Heavy Drinking and Drinking and Driving’, 38 Journal of Law and Economics , 49-77.
  • Smith, C.W., Jr. and Warner, Jerold B. (1979), ‘On Financial Contracting. An Analysis of Bond Covenants’, Journal of Financial Economics , 117-161.
  • Strasser, Kurt A. and Rodosevich, D. (1993), ‘Seeing the Forest for the Trees in CERCLA Liability’, 10 Yale Journal of Regulation , 493-560.
  • Stuart, Charles (1983), ‘Pareto-Optimal Deductibles in Property-Liability Insurance: The Case of Homeowner Insurance in Sweden’, Scandinavian Actuarial Journal , 227-238.
  • Sykes, Alan O. (1984), ‘The Economics of Vicarious Liability’, 93 Yale Law Journal , 1231-1280.
  • Sykes, Alan O. (1994), ‘”Bad Faith” Refusal to Settle by Liability Insurers: Some Implications of the Judgment Proof Problem’, 23 Journal of Legal Studies , 77-110.
  • Trebilcock, Michael J. (1987), ‘The Social-Insurance-Deterrence Dilemma of Modern North American Tort Law: A Canadian Perspective on the Liability Insurance Crisis’, 24 San Diego Law Review , 929-1002.
  • Viscusi, W. Kip and et al. (1993), ‘The Effect of 1980s Tort Reform Legislation on General Liability and Medical Malpractice Insurance’, 6 Journal of Risk and Uncertainty , 165-186.
  • Viscusi, W. Kip (1991), ‘The Dimensions of the Product Liability Crisis’, 20 Journal of Legal Studies , 147-177.
  • Wade, John W. (1987), ‘An Evaluation of the “Insurance Crisis” and Existing Tort Law’, 24 Houston Law Review , 81-96.
  • Williamson, Oliver E. (1979), ‘Transaction-Cost Economics: The Governance of contractual Relations’, Oct Journal of Law and Economics .
  • Wils, Wouter P.J. (1994), ‘Insurance Risk Classifications in the EC: Regulatory Outlook’, 14 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies , 449-467.
  • Winter, Ralph A. (1991), ‘The Liability Insurance Market’, 5(3) Journal of Economic Perspectives , 115-136.
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